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Lab 5 cratering

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Craters Ronalee Munson-Hardy
Overview
Evaluate parameters affecting crater formation.
Make your own series of craters, to observe the "geological" results.
Look at and evaluate images of craters on other planets/celestial bodies.
You will be taking selfies with your lab set up to be submitted with the lab questions.
[Note: If no selfies are submitted, a zero will be posted for this lab.]
Materials You Will Need
Two contrasting colors of sand (or similar; see Activity)
Box or tray to contain sand (higher sides will help contain the sand best!)
Various small objects to simulate impactors (rocks, a marble, small ball, dice, etc., and at
least one irregular shaped object)
Prelab
Answer these questions:
1. What factors could affect an impact crater's shape and size?
Shape, size, angle, and velocity
2. What effect do you expect varying these factors will have on the craters?
It will change the size, depth and shape of the craters. The larger and harder
they hit the more damage they will do to the surface.
3. Explain how you could test these hypotheses. By using different size objects to do the
experiment and by dropping them from different heights at different speeds. I have
different sized marbles and a rock.
Activity Questions:
1. As you dropped the marbles from different heights, how did the ejecta (material tossed
out of the crater) change?
Dropping the marbles from different heights all gave the same effect of a perfect
sphere and balanced ejects, just different sizes depending on the size of the marble

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and the height from which it was dropped. The rock caused different phenomena.
The ejecta was not round or balanced, because of the shape and unproportioned
weight of the rock. Also throwing the marbles at an angle caused more ejecta than
straight down.
2. When you dropped non-spherical objects, or threw the marble at an angle, how did the
shape and ejecta change? How does this relate to craters seen on other planets/moons?
My non-spherical object is a rock. The forms differed because the rock landed
sideways and made a deep crater. The ejecta was not circular when the rock fell at
an angle but it was very large. The marble sunk in the sand and became buried. Its
ejecta was also very large.
Craters on other planets would not always look like mine because they hit at
different speeds and angles.

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Craters Ronalee Munson-Hardy Overview • • • • Evaluate parameters affecting crater formation. Make your own series of craters, to observe the "geological" results. Look at and evaluate images of craters on other planets/celestial bodies. You will be taking selfies with your lab set up to be submitted with the lab questions. [Note: If no selfies are submitted, a zero will be posted for this lab.] Materials You Will Need • • • Two contrasting colors of sand (or similar; see Activity) Box or tray to contain sand (higher sides will help contain the sand best!) Various small objects to simulate impactors (rocks, a marble, small ball, dice, etc., and at least one irregular shaped object) Prelab Answer these questions: 1. What factors could affect an impact crater's shape and size? Shape, size, angle, and velocity 2. What effect do you expect varying these factors will ha ...
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