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Ch05312notes 27

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NOTES-27 Control of gaseous emissions SOURCE CONTROL OF GASEOUS EMISSIONS There are four chemical-engineering unit operations commonly used for the control of gaseous emissions: 1. Absorption. 2. Adsorption. 3. Combustion 4. Condensation. There are three additional chemical engineering unit operations that are increasing in use in recent years. They are: 1. Bio-filtration 2. Membrane filtration 3. Selective catalytic reduction Absorption The engineering design of gas absorption equipment must be based on a sound application of the principles of diffusion, equilibrium, and mass transfer. The main requirement in equipment design is to bring the gas into intimate contact with the liquid; that is, to provide a large interfacial area and a high intensity of interface renewal and to minimize resistance and maximize driving force. This contacting of the phases can be achieved in many different types of equipment, the most important being packed and plate columns. The final choice between them rests with the various criteria that must be met. For example, if the pressure drop through the column is large enough that compression costs become significant, a packed column may be preferable to a plate-type column because of the lower pressure drop. In most processes involving the absorption of a gaseous pollutant from an effluent gas stream, the gas stream is the processed fluid; hence, its inlet condition (flow rate, composition, and temperature) are usually known. The temperature and co ...
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