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Computer Sytems Assignment 2 1 ...

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Computer Science

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Professor

Institution

Date

Computer Organization

1. William Shockely, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen were the scientists that invented

the first ever transistor. Their contribution in computer systems cannot be underestimated

as transistors have allowed computers to become as tiny and efficient as they are today.

In fact, modern day computers are built using millions of transistors that help them carry

out their functions. William Shockely and his team, in fact, even went ahead to win a

Nobel Prize for their outstanding innovation. Before the transistors, computers used to be

big in size and used to emit a lot of heat. Transistors have given scientists and engineers

the ability to reduce the size of components that make up the computer and thereby

decreasing their overall size. Furthermore, the efficiency of transistors are unparalleled.

Transistors are not only used in computers but also in many other electronic components.

2. The calculator in the computer is as important as any other programs. The computation

system in the system has been developed for many computers and doesn’t seem to miss

in any computer systems. Like any other programs, it is developed using a programming

language. It can be developed using any of the available programming languages.

Computer operating systems come with preinstalled calculating programs. The first

operating systems such as early UNIX had this feature. It used calculator programs that

were quite interactive such as the hoc and the dc. Since then, calculator programs in

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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 2

operating systems have kept developing, although most of them aren’t able to carry out

complex mathematical functions. Calculating programs that carry out complex arithmetic

such as graphing and algebra have been separately developed as software.

Chapter 3

3. The calculation is as shown below

      











 

4. Computer memories utilize binary states for their storages. Binary exists in two states,

either 1 or 0. This means that all its memories should be in powers of 2. 2^29 is

536,870,912 and 2^30 is 1,073,741,824. The manufacturer, therefore, has no control over

this.

5. The first stage will take 13 cycles. The calculation is shown below:

        

Instruction 2 then begins at the end of the third cycle of the first instruction. After it

executes S1, it should go the next stage. However, that stage is occupied by the next instruction

and, therefore, it has to wait for one cycle then proceed and finishes at the 17

cycle. All other

instructions are executed in the same fashion.

The first instruction, therefore, finishes after 13 seconds and the following instructions each take

4 cycles more than the preceding instruction to execute. For 1000 instructions, the first takes 13

cycles while 999 take 4 seconds more. The total number of cycles become:

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Author 1 Name Professor Institution Date Computer Organization 1. William Shockely, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen were the scientists that invented the first ever transistor. Their contribution in computer systems cannot be underestimated as transistors have allowed computers to become as tiny and efficient as they are today. In fact, modern day computers are built using millions of transistors that help them carry out their functions. William Shockely and his team, in fact, even went ahead to win a Nobel Prize for their outstanding innovation. Before the transistors, computers used to be big in size and used to emit a lot of heat. Transistors have given scientists and engineers the ability to reduce the size of components that make up the computer and thereby decreasing their overall size. Furthermore, the efficiency of transistors are unparalleled. Transistors are not only used in computers but also in many other electronic components. 2. The calculator in the computer is as important as any other programs. The computation system in the system has been developed for many computers and doesn’t seem to miss in any computer systems. Like any other programs, it is developed using a programming language. It can be developed using any of the available programming languages. Computer operating systems come with preinstalled calculating programs. The first operating systems such as early UNIX had this feature. It used calculator programs that were quite interactive such as t ...
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