Assignment: Exercise 5Windows App: Modified Playfair CipherAssignmentThe objectives of this lab assignment are as follows:Create a fully functioning desktop applicationConvert plain text to encrypted text using a modified version of the Playfair CipherSkills RequiredTo properly complete this assignment, you will need to apply the following skills:Construct Windows desktop GUI applicationWork with strings as arrays of charactersWork with 2D arraysImplement logic in methodsImplement nested loops (this is a must when working with 2D arrays)Supplementary InformationUnderstanding the Playfair Cipher:You might want to take a look at the following websites to gain a better understanding of this cipher:Wikipedia ArticleRumkin.comPlease note, however, that what you read at the above sites will be the rules for the cipher as it exists, not as we are going to implement it in this assignment. We are going to modify the "rules" of the cipher, making our work a little easier.Understanding 2D-Arrays:Dotnetperls.com (make sure to understand how to define a 2D array with "no initializer." You will need to create the array as an empty 5x5 matrix and then fill it in.)ICT.socialYoutube--Working with 2D arrays and nested loopsAssignment User StoryAs a user, I want a new Windows application that is capable of performing encryption and decryption using a modified Playfair Cipher. Assignment Requirements"For two thousand years, codemakers have fought to preserve secrets while codebreakers have tried their best to reveal them." - taken from The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography by Simon Singh.The idea for this problem comes from this book. You will encrypt and decrypt some messages using a simplified version of code in the book. The convention in cryptography is to write the plain text in lower case letters and the encrypted text in upper case letters. We will follow this convention for this problem. We will only encrypt/decrypt letters. Any other characters including numbers and punctuation will be left as is (i.e. 1 2 3 . , - etc).From the user, you need only two pieces of information:A keyword (no spaces, no non-letter characters, no punctuation).Text that you wish either to encrypt or decrypt.The Playfair CipherThe Playfair Cipher is a substitution cipher. It is a little more complex than what we are going to attempt, but the lesson here isn't about recreating a cipher that was developed in the mid-19th century. This is all about arrays (both single and 2-dimensional) and treating strings of text as arrays of char characters.The original Playfair uses a digraph substitution method. This means that it encrypts pairs of letters rather than single letters used by simpler substitution methods. Ours will be more like a simple substitution method.The Playfair cipher is not capable of encrypting numbers or punctuation—only alphabetic letters. Therefore, this typically was used for important but not critical information or to relay information about events that were immanent knowing that it would take opposing forces at least a couple of hours to crack the code if they could at all.The Playfair MatrixThe Playfair cipher uses a 5x5 table or matrix into which 25 of the 26 letters of the alphabet are loaded. This means that one letter will have to represent two letters in the alphabet. For example, i and j can be combined as the letter i.The order in which the letters are loaded into the matrix is determined by a keyword that must be known to the sender and the receiver of the message. The non-duplicating letters of the keyword are loaded into the matrix first, from left-to-right, starting at the top row. Then all the remaining unused letters of the alphabet are loaded into the matrix in their normal order. This means that you must drop duplicate letters.The Wikipedia article on the Playfair Cipher shows the matrix with the keyword PLAYFAIR EXAMPLE. This is a long key, but it doesn't matter because we need to get all the letters of the alphabet into the matrix anyway. We must drop the duplicate letters in this keyword and eliminate the space between the two words. Hence, our matrix would look as shown here. If, however, the keyword is WINTER, then the matrix should be loaded as shown to the left.In one further example, if our keyword is FERRET, then the matrix should be loaded as shown to the right. Notice that we drop the duplicate letters R and E, resulting in the first four letters of our keyword being FERT. Then, the remainder of the alphabet is loaded into the matrix ensuring we don't duplicate any letters.Note: While my images show the letters I and J joined together, we basically change the letter J to I when handling our encryption.Encrypting a PhraseNow that we have created the matrix we can both encrypt and decrypt a string of text/phrase. The way we are constructing our matrix is identical with the mechanics of the Playfair Cipher. What we are changing for our assignment is the way a string is encrypted. Here, the rules in the actual cipher are a little more complex than in our assignment.Let's suppose that we wish to encrypt the following phrase: we attack at zero six hundred hours.We move through this phrase one letter/character at a time. First, we start with the letter w and note where in the matrix this letter is found. In this case, using the previous matrix example containing the keyword FERRET, we note the first letter of our phrase is found in row 4 and column 1 [4, 1]. We reverse these values such that we have [1, 4] and the letter at that location is H. Hence, we change the letter w to the letter H.Continuing in such fashion our phrase " we attack at zero six hundred hours. " is translated to:HB VOOVCD VO ZBIT SRN WYXKIBK WTYIS.Additional Technical RulesThe letter j must be treated as though it were the letter i.Any character that cannot be found in the matrix, such as punctuation and numeric values, will simply be passed into the encrypted string unchanged.Following rule #2 above, spaces will be maintained from the original phrase to the encrypted string. In the traditional Playfair Cipher, spaces, punctuation, and numbers would be skipped (dropped from the message). Technical/Grading RequirementsYou must ensure that the application you submit meets all technical/grading requirements. Your grade will be based on how well your application follows the application requirements plus the following:A Windows Forms (desktop) application will be developed.Both the keyword and phrase text boxes will be validated to ensure they are not empty.In addition to the button to perform the translation you will also have a button to clear the text from the textbox controls and a separate button to end the application.Internally, the matrix must be represented as a 2-Dimensional array in C#.You must break your code into meaningful methods each that performs only one function. For example, you might have a method that loads the matrix with its letters, a separate method that iterates through the phrase, and another to which is passed a letter and returns to the previous method the translated letter. These are only examples, and your implementation will depend on how you decide to tackle this problem.As a final note to the above requirements, because this is a Windows desktop application you must submit a zip of the entire project folder for grading purposes. A desktop application contains multiple files beyond just the code file that must be kept together.How the application looks and how it presents its information to the user is up to you. But it must meet the minimum requirements noted above.Final ThoughtsThis entire exercise is intended to be an exercise in arrays (both single and 2-Dimensional), as well as in handling strings and individual char letters.In addition, we want to begin to think about best programming practices including the use of methods and adherence to two additional principles:DRY: Don't Repeat Yourself.Single Responsibility Pattern.Certainly, get your code working, and then work to refactor it to observe the above two principles.The first principle means that you don't want duplicated code; this is the basis of the DRY principle. If you find yourself repeating the same or very similar code in two or more places in your application, then this might be code that belongs in one or more methods.With respect to your methods, you want to observe the second principle. This actually is a pattern and is one of the bedrocks of object-oriented programming. Any method should have only one reason for change. This generally is interpreted as meaning that any method should have only one purpose. While this isn't technically accurate we aren't at the place in the semester where we can adequately explain what "reason for change" means so we will stick to this pattern meaning "single purpose."Example OutputThe example output provided below is simply an example. You do not need to format your output to look like this example. You simply need to ensure that you have met the technical requirements for this application.Following is example output for this application:In this example, we have taken the output text from above and are using it as the input text demonstrating that the same application and methods can encrypt as well as decrypt messages:

you will continue working on the solution you have envisioned so far. The work that will be added this week will increment the information you have produced so far, complementing it in a coherent manner.TasksUsing the Microsoft Word document you created in W3 Assignment 2, add to it by completing the following tasks:Define and schedule programming tasks.Design a testing plan, including unit tests, integration tests, system tests, and acceptance tests.Describe the documentation to be prepared for your system.Submission Details:Support your responses with appropriate research and examples.Cite any sources in APA format.

Summary: To apply all acquired knowledge in the last Project Assignments to create a Database Scheme. For this project, the ERD is provided to you. Deliverables: SQL Script with your name as follows: YourLastName_Project_Ph3.sql. MS Word Document with your OUTPUT, named as follows: YourLastName_Project_Ph3_Output.doc. ZIP file to include the two files mentioned above. Required Software: MySQL DBMS by Oracle. MySQL Community Server and MySQL Workbench. Follow Step 1-3 for your Course Project Phase phase 1, to install the required software components. Lab Steps: Step 1: Analyze the ERD for a student information system provided below. Be alert for the specifications provided for: 1) Entities, 2) Attributes, 3) Primary Key, and 4) Relationships.  You will need to have a clear understanding for these components to create your database using MySQL. Step 2: Create a New Database in MySQL, Produce SQL File, Drop Table Create a new Database, as you did in your Course Project Phase 1 deliverable and you already created a database using the MySQL DBMS.  Reference the attached video (Course Project Ph1 Video.mp4), for a demonstration to create a new Database using MySQL. This video was initially presented to you for phase 2 of your project.  Also, reference the supplemental text: Available for Free download as part of our UC Library.  MySQL Database Usage & Administration. (2010). By Vaswani, Vikram. McGraw Hill. ISBN: 978-0-07-160550-2.  Link to UC Library: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=nlebk&AN=291311&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_ii Utilize the SQL dialect you learned so far in this course for MySQL.  Use the file supplemental textbook:  MySQL Database Usage & Administration. (2010). By Vaswani, Vikram. McGraw Hill, as supplement your knowledge of the MySQL dialect.  Create your SCRIPT file to be named: YourLastName_Project_Ph3.sql. Step 3: Include the following commands at the tops of your scripts: SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS STUDENT; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS CAMPUS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ROOM; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COURSE; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS INSTRUCTOR; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS APPROVED_INSTRUCTOR; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS CLASS; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS STUDENT_GRADE; SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1; Step 4: Create Tables in your database Create a new Table for each of the entities provided to you in the ERD diagram in Step 1. Add a column to represent each attribute addressed in the ERD diagram in Step 1. Designate Primary Key, as noted in the ERD diagram in Step 1. Designate a Foreign Key relationship between the tables, as noted in the ERD diagram in Step 1. Enable referential integrity on the relationships, as needed. Enable cascade updates as needed on the relationships. Step 5: Designate Data Types. Update the data type as needed to enforce the domain constrain of the data. This needs to be completed for every column for all tables. Dates: they should have a date data designation type. Surrogate keys: shall be auto-numbered Character type: shall have a character data designation type. Step 6: Column Constraints Designation. Grade designation must be of one of these values as follows: A, B, C, D, E, F, W, E (E=enrolled, and W = withdrawn). Student's first and last names are not to be designated as NULL. Course Credit hours shall be BETWEEN one and four. The instructor first and last name must NOT be NULL Course name designation has to be UNIQUE and must not be NULL type. Step 7: Data Table Addition Use the INSERT operator to add minimum 2-3 rows of data per each database. You are free to use any values you might like for each of the columns. NOTE/ Reminder: you are required to add data to the parent table prior to adding any data to child tables, as referential integrity is enabled. Step 8: Executing your SCRIPT Must incorporate the COMMIT command at the end of your Script Must incorporate the SHOW TABLES command, to display the table you created. At the end of the script created. Must incorporate the SELECT statement to show data allocated for each table. This would be added at the end of the script. EXECUTE your SCRIPT. Copy and paste your OUTPUT into your MS Word file as follows: YourLastName_Project_Ph3_Output.doc Step 9: Upload your work Upload ZIP file to include the two files as follows: 1) SQL Script with your name as follows: YourLastName_Project_Ph3.sql, and 2) MS Word Document with your OUTPUT, named as follows: YourLastName_Project_Ph3_Output.doc.