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Lead  It is the average horizontal distance between the centre of excavation to the centre of deposition.  The unit of lead is 50 m for a distance upto 500 m & shall be measured as a separate item for a) 0 m to a distance not exceeding 250 m, b) distance exceeding 250 m but not exceeding 500 m.  The distance 30 m & height 1.5 m are known as normal lead & lift. Lift  It is the average height through which the earth has to be lifted from source to the place of spreading or heaping.  Extra lift shall be measured in unit of 1.5 m or part thereof.  1 Lead = Earthwork is moved to a distance of 30m  1 Lift = Earthwork is lifted to a height or depth of 1.5m  In the above, Earthwork refers to Excavation or Filling. Fig. Lead & Lift Method of calculation of Earthwork Three methods :1) Mid-Sectional Area Method 2) Mean Sectional Area Method / Formula of Trapezo ...
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