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20171003183546iegr360 Assignment V

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Chapter 4: Biomechanics
1. Explain the four approaches for the assessment of human work capacity. How
do they differ from one another?
The Epidemiological Approach: to the investigation of disease problems. We
also implied that such investigations usually have the basic objective of
describing and quantifying disease problems and of examining associations
between determinants and disease. With these objectives in mind,
epidemiological investigations are normally conducted in a series of stages,
which can be broadly classified as follows:
A diagnostic phase, in which the presence of the disease is confirmed.
A descriptive phase, which describes the populations at risk and the
distribution of the disease, both in time and space, within these
populations. This may then allow a series of hypotheses to be formed
about the likely determinants of the disease and the effects of these on
the frequency with which the disease occurs in the populations at risk.
An investigative phase, which normally involves the implementation of a
series of field studies designed to test these hypotheses.
An experimental phase, in which experiments are performed under
controlled conditions to test these hypotheses in more detail, should the
results of phase 3 prove promising.
An analytical phase, in which the results produced by the above
investigations are analyzed. This is often combined with attempts to
model the epidemiology of the disease using the information generated.
Such a process often enables the epidemiologist to determine whether
any vital bits of information about the disease process are missing.
The Biomechanical Approach: it is most effective when used with other
approaches. The importance of biomechanical factors in musculoskeletal disease
may be appreciated in the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of joint
degeneration in osteoarthritis. The biomechanical characteristics of the
neuromuscular system are integral in determining the function and stability of
the synovial joint and in mediating the biochemical structure of articular
cartilage.

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The Physiological Approach: is the study of underlying physiological bases of
psychological functions is known as physiological psychology. The two major
communication systems of the body, the nervous system and the circulatory
system are the focus of most research in this area.
The Psychophysical Approach: is the study of sensory, perceptual, and cognitive
systems, based on the evidence of human observers making judgments about
what they see, hear, or feel. Psychophysical methods are also important in the
accurate diagnosis of sensory and cerebral disorders and deficits (e.g., color
deficiency and visual field loss) and in applications to human engineering
problems. This entry draws its examples of the psychophysical approach from
the study of visual perception.
2. What are the main components used in biomechanical approach?
Focus on motion, strength and endurance required to perform an occupation. It is used
to treat patient with motor neurons deficits and orthopedic problems.
3. What is the difference between static model and dynamic model in
biomechanics? Why do we use static model and not dynamic model?
In dynamic case an analysis of the body mass is required. Because it is easier to
calculate the values of tensions in the body.
4. Change the values in Example 4.1 and solve: α = 90, 120, and 135; and Load = 25
lbs
Solution
Knowing that:
The sum of all moments (M) is equal to
zero, and that M=f*d, where “d” is the
perpendicular distance
And
T = tension on the upper arm
1. When the angle is 90 degrees
∑M = 0 → - (25*17) + (T*2) = 0
→ T = 212.5 lbs. (acting upward)

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Chapter 4: Biomechanics 1. Explain the four approaches for the assessment of human work capacity. How do they differ from one another? • The Epidemiological Approach: to the investigation of disease problems. We also implied that such investigations usually have the basic objective of describing and quantifying disease problems and of examining associations between determinants and disease. With these objectives in mind, epidemiological investigations are normally conducted in a series of stages, which can be broadly classified as follows: ✓ A diagnostic phase, in which the presence of the disease is confirmed. ✓ A descriptive phase, which describes the populations at risk and the distribution of the disease, both in time and space, within these populations. This may then allow a series of hypotheses to be formed about the likely determinants of the disease and the effects of th ...
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