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8 sensory system

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Sensory System Part I General Principles Introduction • Sensory System: Is a part of the nervous system that consists of sensory receptor cells that receive stimuli from the external or internal environment, the neural pathways that conduct information from the receptors to the brain or spinal cord, and those parts of the brain that deal primarily with processing the information • Information processed by a sensory system may or may not lead to conscious awareness of the stimulus • Regardless of whether the information reaches consciousness, it is called sensory information • If the information does reach consciousness, it can also be called a sensation • A person's understanding of the sensation's meaning is called perception • The initial step of sensory processing is the transformation of stimulus energy first into graded potentials (the receptor potentials) and then into action potentials in nerve fibers A graded membrane potential is a gradient of transmembrane potential difference along a length of cell membrane Graded potentials are distinct from action potentials in that graded potentials spread electric potential changes along cell membranes without activating the kind of constant magnitude propagating signal that is characteristic of the action potential Graded potentials are highest at a source and decay with increasing distance from the source • Information about the external world and about the body's internal environment exists ...
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