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Soap and detergent

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Soap and detergent
Give the definition of soap and some examples of soap
Salt that are formed by neutralization between a fatty acid and an
alkali.
One example of soap is sodium palmitate, CH(CH)₁₄COONa. It is
formed when palmatic acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
CH(CH)₁₄COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH(CH)₁₄COONa(aq) +HO(l)
Briefly explain the history of the soap manufacturing in a flowchart.
In the past, soap was made by mixing animal fats with alkaline and wood
ashes
Large-scale commercial soapmaking occurred in 1791 when a French
Chemist, Nicholas Leblanc patented a process for making soda ash or
sodium carbonate from common salt. The process yielded large quantities of
quality soda ash.

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Soap can be prepared through saponification. Use a flow chart to show soap
preparation process in the laboratory, starting with the raw materials. Include
any relevant chemical equation.
Oils and fats are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids.
It made up through heating oils or fats with an alkali such as sodium
hydroxide, NaOH.
The oil or fat molecules are “broken up” or hydrolyzed to glyce ro l and fatty
acids.
This reaction is the reverse of esterification (saponication)
The fatty acids formed then react with sodium hydroxide, NaOH to form a salt
(soap)
Saponification of oils or fats
Fats and oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high-pressure steam to yield crude fatty
acids and glycerol.
The fatty acids are then purified by distillation and neutralized with an alkali to
produce soap and water (neat soap-soap in liquid form).
Fatty acid + NaOH → Glycerol + Sodium soap
Sodium soaps are "hard" soaps.
The more saturated the oil (tropical vegetable oils such as coconut
oil), the harder the soap.
Fatty acid + KOH → Glycerol + Potassium soap
Potassium soaps are softer and are found in some liquid hand soaps
and shaving creams.

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Soap and detergent Give the definition of soap and some examples of soap Salt that are formed by neutralization between a fatty acid and an alkali. One example of soap is sodium palmitate, CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COONa. It is formed when palmatic acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide, NaOH. CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COONa(aq) +H₂O(l) Briefly explain the history of the soap manufacturing in a flowchart. In the past, soap was made by mixing animal fats with alkaline and wood ashes Large-scale commercial soapmaking occurred in 1791 when a French Chemist, Nicholas Leblanc patented a process for making soda ash or sodium carbonate from common salt. The process yielded large quantities of quality soda ash. Soap can be prepared through saponification. Use a flow chart to show soap preparation process in the laboratory, starting with the raw materials. Include any relevant chemical equation. Oils and fats are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids. It made up through heating oils or fats with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide, NaOH. The oil or fat molecules are “broken up” or hydrolyzed to glyce ro l and fatty acids. This reaction is the reverse of esterification (saponication) The fatty acids formed then react with sodium hydroxide, NaOH to form a salt (soap) Saponification of oils or fats Fats and oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high-pressure steam to yield crude ...
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