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A Case Study On Cerebrovascular Disease, Hemorrhagic
Page 1
I.INTRODUCTION
Cerebrovascular disease is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of
the blood vessels supplying the brain. Hypertension is the most important cause; it
damages the blood vessel lining, endothelium, exposing the underlying collagen where
platelets aggregate to initiate a repairing process which is not always complete and
perfect. Sustained hypertension permanently changes the architecture of the blood
vessels making them narrow, stiff, deformed, uneven and more vulnerable to
fluctuations in blood pressure.
A fall in blood pressure during sleep can then lead to a marked reduction in blood
flow in the narrowed blood vessels causing hemorrhagic stroke in the morning.
Conversely, a sudden rise in blood pressure due to excitation during the daytime can
cause tearing of the blood vessels resulting in intracranial hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular
disease primarily affects people who are elderly or have a history of diabetes, smoking,
or ischemic heart disease. The results of cerebrovascular disease can include a stroke,
or occasionally a hemorrhagic. Ischemia or other blood vessel dysfunctions can affect
the person during a cerebrovascular accident.
Hemorrhagic stroke is a condition that occurs mainly due to a rupture of a blood
vessel in the brain. The blood vessel bursts and releases blood into the brain. Research
shows that nearly 20 percent of the strokes that occur overall are hemorrhagic in nature.
A systematic review of stroke incidence worldwide found that between 1970 and 2008,
stroke incidence decreased 42% in high-income countries and increased more than
100% in low- to middle-income nations; between 2000 and 2008, the overall stroke
incidence in low- to middle-income countries was 20% higher. (emedicine.com)
Once the arteries rupture they are incapable of carrying blood and oxygen to the
brain and it causes the cells to die. Another reason for hemorrhagic stroke is the blood
that flows into the brain due to the rupture forms a clot inside the brain and damages the
brain tissue. This could severely damage the brain functioning.
A hemorrhagic stroke is the least common. However, it is more frequently fatal
when compared to an ischemic stroke overall. Hemorrhagic stroke is of two types. Each
one is named after the part of the brain that is affected by the bleeding.
The subarachnoid hemorrhage is a condition that refers to the bleeding that takes
place in the gap between the top of the brain and the skull. The most common cause of
a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke is aneurysm. It is characterized by an abnormal
swelling of a blood vessel within the brain followed by rupturing of that swollen blood
vessel.

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A Case Study On Cerebrovascular Disease, Hemorrhagic
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We chose this case because we think that patients having Cerebrovascular disease
needs full attention as to prevention of complications, which we think is our primordial
responsibility as student nurses. Our concern is not only on the physical aspect but also
on the emotions and feelings of our patient having this disease condition who may not
be able to do the usual activities they used to deal on brought about by the condition.
Hence we wanted to widen our knowledge on how to take good care of these particular
patients so that we will be able to provide quality care and satisfaction to our future
patients having the same disease condition.
General Objective:
This case presentation seeks to enhance the students’ knowledge with regards
to the patient’s general health and disease condition, its pathophysiology, possible
complications, treatment plan and medical regimen. This also seeks to assimilate the
student’s skills through application of several nursing interventions and medical
management. Furthermore, this case presentation intends to improve the students’
attitude by conveying open-mindedness and utilizing therapeutic communication all
throughout the activity.
Scope and Limitation:
The scope of this study is within the context of the patient's condition based on the
assessment of the patient's present health condition and other precipitating and
predisposing factors that influenced the course of the disease, the anatomy and
physiology of the involved body systems, pathophysiology of the condition, patient’s
diagnosis and diagnostic exams, nursing and medical management, drug study,
discharge plan, prognosis and recommendation of the case study. The data presented
in this case was primarily obtained from student nurse- patient interaction as well as
with the significant other who partly served as informant. Further information is based
on the patient’s chart.
The case study is limited to the available resources during the making of this
study such as book sources, internet sources, and patient’s chart, information coming
from the family and as well the observation of the patient’s during the span of duty.
Furthermore, this case study will only show the changes of the patient’s condition from
August 22, 2011 until August 24, 2011.

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I.INTRODUCTION Cerebrovascular disease is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. Hypertension is the most important cause; it damages the blood vessel lining, endothelium, exposing the underlying collagen where platelets aggregate to initiate a repairing process which is not always complete and perfect. Sustained hypertension permanently changes the architecture of the blood vessels making them narrow, stiff, deformed, uneven and more vulnerable to fluctuations in blood pressure. A fall in blood pressure during sleep can then lead to a marked reduction in blood flow in the narrowed blood vessels causing hemorrhagic stroke in the morning. Conversely, a sudden rise in blood pressure due to excitation during the daytime can cause tearing of the blood vessels resulting in intracranial hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular disease primarily affects people who are elderly or have a history of diabetes, smoking, or ischemic heart disease. The results of cerebrovascular disease can include a stroke, or occasionally a hemorrhagic. Ischemia or other blood vessel dysfunctions can affect the person during a cerebrovascular accident. Hemorrhagic stroke is a condition that occurs mainly due to a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. The blood vessel bursts and releases blood into the brain. Research shows that nearly 20 percent of the strokes that occur overall are hemorrhagic in nature. A systematic review of stroke incidence worldwide found ...
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