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Yr 10 History Semester 1
MIGRANT EXPERIENCE
Research
7.1 Migration Experiences
People have been migrating to Australia for thousands of years. However, since European settlement began in 1788,
distinctive waves of migrants have changed the make-up of the Australian population more dramatically than ever
before. This has led to changes in the way people have interacted with each other and the land. In the second half of
the twentieth century, immigration policies have gradually become more inclusive, and Australia’s cities have become
truly cosmopolitan. Since the end of World War II, these changes to immigration policies, as well as changing cultural
and social factors, have improved the lives and opportunities of those entering Australia as immigrants. However, some
prejudice towards those of different ethnicities remains. (pg 246)
The Art
embracing artworks produced by and for people of diverse cultural Backgrounds’. (pg247)
As art expresses the migrant experience of Australia, it encourages those in the national and international
community to re-examine what it means to be ‘Australian’.
cosmopolitan influenced by many countries and cultures
7.2 Waves of Migration
Australia would be forced to open its borders to waves of immigrants, first from Europe, then from Asia. The different
beliefs and attitudes that these immigrants brought with them would both cause conflict and enrich Australian culture.
(pg 248)
In the decades after the White Australia policy was abolished, Australia focused on attracting skilled migrants.
Since the 1990s, (pg 249)
7.6 Immigration from Asia
Australia’s Asian communities have continued to grow and thrive. Today, like immigrants from other nations,
Asian-Australians have made major contributions to all facets of Australian life. However, the lives of second- or
third-generation Asian-Australians are very different from those of their parents and grandparents. (pg 263)
7.9 The Migration Contribution
Today Australia has a population of around 22 million people, one-quarter of whom were born overseas. While English
is the most commonly spoken language, more than 200 other languages are spoken by Australians, including 62
Indigenous languages. Immigration policies continue to change to reflect political and economic changes within
Australia and the rest of the world. Immigrants have added to our cultural heritage by making Australia a more inclusive
and cosmopolitan nation. (pg 272)
Immigration policy continues to be based on the government’s need to fi ll shortfalls in Australia’s skilled
workforce. (pg 272)
In 1974, Australia became the first ‘dialogue partner’ of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN),
while Gareth Evans, the Labor government’s foreign affairs minister, chaired the fi rst meeting of the Asia􀀀Pacifi
c Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in 1989. Both organisations promote trade and cooperation among
member nations and discuss economic, political, social and cultural issues at their annual meeting
Today, the country’s largest migrant intake comes from China and India, while China, Japan and the United
States are Australia’s largest trade partners. Australia has successfully redefi ned itself as a valuable member of
this emerging regions. (pg 272)
Australia’s changing relations with its neighbours
Australia’s changing approach to immigration has improved the economic and political ties betweenAustralia and
its neighbours. When the White Australia policy was in full force, the country saw the United Kingdom and Europe
as its major partners in international matters. These links began to loosen as Australia welcomed its first wave of
immigrants in the International students are entitled to stay-----When the student returns to their country of origin,
the student will convey what they have learned about Australia to family and friends, thereby promoting cross-
cultural understanding .
produced an incredible number of elite athletes in a wide range of sports, many of whom come from a
migrant background

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Yr 10 History Semester 1
MIGRANT EXPERIENCE
Online Research direct quotes-
Recovery has been led by exports with strong demand from our major trading partners Australia and
China, who have been less affected by the crisis. http://www.newzealandnow.govt.nz/investing-in-
nz/opportunities-outlook/economic-overview
New Zealand economy falling further behind
Tuesday, 18 December 2012, 1:16 pm
Press Release: Green Party
“John Key needs to stop blaming the global financial crisis on his Government’s poor economic performance.
Most other OECD countries have been managing the crisis better than our own.”
“The National Government has made poor economic choices that have left the economy and the
Government’s accounts worse off.
http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA1212/S00326/new-zealand-economy-falling-further-behind.htm
Pacific people in NZ 'hardest hit' by recession
Pacific community leaders are supporting a call for the Government to address high Pacific
unemployment and low incomes.
In a report released on Monday titled More Than Churches, Rugby and Festivals, the Salvation Army says
Pacific people in New Zealand have been more severely hit than anyone else by the global recession.
It says Pacific people now have the highest unemployment, the lowest incomes and a widening income gap that
could mean they're left behind when the economy recovers.
The average income is $479 a week compared with $721 for non-Pacific adults, the report says. This is an
increase of just $2 in five years for Pacific adults, compared with $54 for everyone else.
One of the report's authors, Ronji Tanielu, says the huge income gap and painfully slow growth in pay affects
everything from housing, to problem debt and putting food on the table.
Mr Tanielu says there's been a big spike in demand from Pacific families for Salvation Army food parcels,
budgeting advice and drug and alcohol addiction services.
The Green Party says Pacific children are being let down by a Government that chooses to look the other way
when it comes to their welfare.
http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/135574/pacific-people-in-nz-'hardest-hit'-by-recession RADIO NEW
ZEALAND NEWS WEBSITE
immigration
14 Mar 2013 New Zealanders, Australia's 'Underclass' By Robert Burton-Bradley
New Zealanders can live and work in Australia indefinitely as Special Category Visa holders, but
following changes to the migration program those who arrived after 2001 fall into the "non-
protected category" with no access to basic social services such as unemployment benefits,
parenting payments, sickness allowance or HECS-funded study. They will not be covered by the
National Disability Insurance Scheme when it begins.
"There is growing evidence that an increasing number of New Zealand Citizens living in Australia
are finding themselves in financial hardship, due to their ineligibility for Australian social security
payments and difficulties obtaining Australian permanent residency."
http://newmatilda.com/2013/03/14/new-zealanders-australias-underclass
AUSTRLIAN HIGH COMMISION NEW ZEALAND WEBSITE
Living in Australia
From 26 February 2001, New Zealand citizens travelling on a New Zealand passport are eligible for a special
category visa subclass SC444, which provides unlimited temporary stay and work rights in Australia (provided
you have no criminal convictions or serious pre-existing health conditions such as tuberculosis). The SC444 is
processed at the border when you travel on your New Zealand passport.
However, from this date (26 February 2001), new eligibility conditions for most social security payments were
put in place and linked to whether or not the individual New Zealand citizen has attained permanent resident
status - be that from already living in Australia or some 'exception' or as the result of successfully applying for a
permanent residence visa (but still having to reside in Australia for two years before becoming eligible for most
social security).
http://www.newzealand.embassy.gov.au/wltn/LivingAust.html

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Research 7.1 Migration Experiences People have been migrating to Australia for thousands of years. However, since European settlement began in 1788, distinctive waves of migrants have changed the make-up of the Australian population more dramatically than ever before. This has led to changes in the way people have interacted with each other and the land. In the second half of the twentieth century, immigration policies have gradually become more inclusive, and Australia’s cities have become truly cosmopolitan. Since the end of World War II, these changes to immigration policies, as well as changing cultural and social factors, have improved the lives and opportunities of those entering Australia as immigrants. However, some prejudice towards those of different ethnicities remains. (pg 246) The Art ‘embracing artworks produced by and for people of diverse cultural Backgrounds’. (pg247) As art expresses the migrant experience of Australia, it encourages those in the national and international community to re-examine what it means to be ‘Australian’. cosmopolitan influenced by many countries and cultures 7.2 Waves of Migration Australia would be forced to open its borders ...
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