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Acute myelogenous leukemia is a malignant bone marrow disease in which blood precursor cells are arrested at an early stage of development and begin to proliferate. More than twenty percent blasts will be seen on peripheral smear of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. It is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults with a median age of onset at 65 years. Causative factors in the development of the disease include previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, previous hematologic disorders (such as myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anemia, and polycythemia vera), environmental exposures, and familial syndromes. Most cases, however, are idiopathic. Patients with acute myelogenous leukemia can present with symptoms of bone marrow failure or with symptoms of organ infiltration by leukemic cells, or both. Bone marrow failure results in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia leading to symptoms such as fatigue, ecchymoses, bleeding, and increased rates of infection. Organ infiltration by leukemic cells can cause splenomegaly, swollen gums, or skin lesions. Diagnosis is made with a peripheral blood smear and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment involves induction chemotherapy until remission is achieved, followed by postremission chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation to avoid relapse. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Ali ...
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