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{ Posts neetguide : Rib cage BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES 271 TV1 TRI PUT sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis Air entering lungs The overall increase in the thoracic volume causes a similar increase in pulmonary volume. An increase in pulmonary volume Ribs and decreases the intra-pulmonary pressure to less sternum Volume of than the atmospheric pressure which forces raised thorax the air from outside to move into the lungs, increased Le., inspiration (Figure 17.2a). Relaxation of the diaphragm and the inter-costal muscles returns the diaphragm and sternum to their normal positions and reduce the thoracic Diaphragm volume and thereby the pulmonary volume. contracted This leads to an increase in intra-pulmonary pressure to slightly above the atmospheric (a) pressure causing the expulsion of air from the lungs, i.e., expiration (Figure 17.2b). We have a the ability to increase the strength of Air expelled from lungs inspiration and expiration with the help of additional muscles in the abdomen. On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 Ribs and times/minute. The volume of air involved in sternum breathing movements can be estimated by returned to Volume of using a spirometer which helps in clinical original position thorax assessment of pulmonary functions. decreased nt OO ...
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