Case study The Power System

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14K.L.N. COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Pottapalayam – 630 611, Sivagangai District.

Year : 2008 -2009, Semester : 6

Branch : III B.E. EEE Subject : EE 1352 Power System Analysis

Name of the Writer (Collaborator) : R. Ramesh, Professor (EEE), IT Dept.

Unit : II Date of Submission : 22.11.2008

Syllabus : IInd Unit

Introduction – Bus Classification – Bus admittance matrix – Solution of non-

linear algebraic equations – Gauss-Seidal method – Newton Raphson method –

Fast decoupled method – Flow charts and comparison of the three methods.

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EE 1352 - POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

VI semester EEE Branch (2006-2010 Batch)

Unit – II – Power Flow Analysis

Syllabus :

Introduction – Bus Classification – Bus admittance matrix – Solution of non-linear

algebraic equations – Gauss-Seidal method – Newton Raphson method – Fast

decoupled method – Flow charts and comparison of the three methods.

1.0 Introduction :

The load flow studies involve the solution of the power system network under

steady-state conditions. The solution is obtained by considering certain inequality

constraints imposed on bus voltages and reactive power of generators.

The main information obtained from a load-flow study are the magnitude and

phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flowing in each

line. The load flow solution also gives the initial conditions of the system when the

transient behavior of the system is to be studied.

The load flow study of a power system is essential to decide the best operation of

existing system and for planning the future expansion of the power system. The load

flow solution of power system under balanced load condition is considered for our

studies. The steps involved in load flow studies are :

1. Representation of the system by single-line diagram.

2. Determining the impedance diagram using the information in single line diagram.

3. Formulation of network equations.

4. Solution of network equations.

1.1 Types of Buses

In a power system the buses are meeting point of various components. The

generators will feed energy to buses and loads will draw energy from buses. In the

network of a power system the buses become nodes and so a voltage can be specified for

each bus. The bus or bus bar is a conductor made of copper or aluminium having

negligible resistance. Hence the bus bar will have zero voltage drop when it conducts the

rated current. Therefore the buses are considered as points of constant voltage in a power

system.

Therefore each bus in a power system is associated with four quantities :

1. Real power, P

2. Reactive power, Q

3. Magnitude of voltage, │V│

4. Phase angle of voltage, δ

In a load flow problem, two quantities (out of four) are specified for each bus and the

remaining two quantities are obtained by solving the load flow equations.

The classification of buses are :

i) Load bus or PQ bus

ii) Generator bus or voltage controlled bus

iii) Slack bus or swing bus or reference bus.

Types of buses can be summarized as a table as follows :

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14K.L.N. COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Pottapalayam – 630 611, Sivagangai District. Year : 2008 -2009, Semester : 6 Branch : III B.E. EEE Subject : EE 1352 Power System Analysis Name of the Writer (Collaborator) : R. Ramesh, Professor (EEE), IT Dept. Unit : II Date of Submission : 22.11.2008 Syllabus : IInd Unit Introduction – Bus Classification – Bus admittance matrix – Solution of non-linear algebraic equations – Gauss-Seidal method – Newton Raphson method – Fast decoupled method – Flow charts and comparison of the three methods. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EE 1352 - POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS VI semester EEE Branch (2006-2010 Batch) Unit – II – Power Flow Analysis Syllabus : Introduction – Bus Classification – Bus admittance matrix – Solution of non-linear algebraic equations – Gauss-Seidal method – Newton Raphson method – Fast decoupled method – Flow charts and comparison of the three methods. 1.0 Introduction : The load flow studies involve the solution of the power system network under steady-state conditions. The solution is obtained by considering certain inequality constraints imposed on bus voltages and reacti ...
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