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Blood group typing in five Afghan populations in the North Hindu-Kush region:
Implications for blood transfusion practice
Stéphane Mazières,
1
Shah Aga Temory,
2
Hélène Vasseur,
3
Pierre Gallian,
1
Julie Di Cristofaro,
1
Jacques Chiaroni
1
1
Laboratoire Hématologie Moléculaire, ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Université, 13392,
Marseille, France
2
Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine de Kabul, Afghanistan
3
Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire, Saint-Etienne, France
Correspondence to: Jacques Chiaroni, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, 149
boulevard Baille - 13392 Marseille Cedex 5 | Phone: +33 (0)4 9118 9500 | Fax: +33 (0)4 9218 9350 |
e-mail: jacques.chiaroni@efs.sante.fr.
Grant support: This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, grant number
ANR-07-BLAN-0049 - CSD 9.
Conflict of interest: the authors state that there is no conflict of interest.
Running head: Blood group typing in Afghans

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SUMMARY
Background and Objectives: Blood incompatibility arises from individual and ethnic differences in
red blood cell (RBC) antigen profiles. This underlines the importance of documenting RBC antigen
variability in various ethnic groups. Central Asia is an area with a long and complex migratory history.
The purpose of this article is to describe key antigen frequencies of Afghan ethnic groups in the
Hindu-Kush region of Afghanistan as a basis for improving blood transfusion practices in that area.
Material and Methods: The key ABO, Rh and Kell antigens were investigated in five Afghan
populations. In order to depict accurately the blood group gene diversity in the area, DNA from eight
additional Pakistani populations were included, and the entire sample set screened using two multiplex
PCRs sensitive for 17 alleles in 10 blood group genetic systems (MNS, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Cartwright,
Dombrock, Indian, Colton, Diego and Landsteiner-Wiener).
Results: Phenotype and allele frequencies fell within the ranges observed in Western European and
East Asian populations. Occurrence of DI*01, IN*01, LW*07, and FY*02N.01 and prevalence of
ABO*B.01 were consistent with migratory history as well as with putative environmental adaptation in
the subtropical environment Hindu-Kush region.
Conclusion: These findings expand current knowledge about key antigen frequencies. Regarding
occurrence of viral markers, further blood transfusion in the region requires rigorous typing.
Key words: Hindu-Kush populations, multiplex genotyping, blood group antigens

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Blood group typing in five Afghan populations in the North Hindu-Kush region: Implications for blood transfusion practice Stéphane Mazières, 1 Shah Aga Temory, 2 Hélène Vasseur, 3 Pierre Gallian, 1 Julie Di Cristofaro, 1 Jacques Chiaroni 1 1 Laboratoire Hématologie Moléculaire, ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Université, 13392, Marseille, France 2 Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine de Kabul, Afghanistan 3 Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire, Saint-Etienne, France Correspondence to: Jacques Chiaroni, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, 149 boulevard Baille - 13392 Marseille Cedex 5 | Phone: +33 (0)4 9118 9500 | Fax: +33 (0)4 9218 9350 | e-mail: jacques.chiaroni@efs.sante.fr. Grant support: This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, grant number ANR-07-BLAN-0049 - CSD 9. Conflict of interest: the authors state that there is no conflict of interest. Running head: Blood group typing in Afghans 1 SUMMARY Background and Objectives: Blood incompatibility arises from individual and ethnic differences in red blood cell (RBC) antigen profiles. This underlines the importance of documenting RBC antigen variability in various ethnic groups. Central Asia is an area with a long and complex migratory history. The purpose of this article is to describe key antigen frequencies of Afghan ethnic groups in the Hindu-Kush region of Afghanistan as a basis for improving blood transfusion practices in that area. Material and Meth ...
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