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Bill McLellan Covenant Theological Seminary Prophetical Books

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Bill McLellan
Covenant Theological Seminary
Prophetical Books
Dr. C. John Collins
4 April 2008
Isaiah 52:13-53:12

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Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Annotated Translation
(13) Behold, my Servant shall prosper
1
;
he shall be high and lifted up, and he shall be very high.
(14) The more
2
great [people] were appalled at you
for his face was disfigured from human appearance
3
and his form from the sons of man
(15) the more he shall astonish
4
many nations;
on account of him kings shall shut their mouths.
For, that which had not been recounted to them they shall see,
and that which they had not heard they shall understand.
(1) Who
5
has believed what they heard from us?
6
And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?
(2) And he grew up like a sapling
7
before him
and like a root out of dry ground,
and [he had] no form to him and no splendor and
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we should look at him,
and no appearance and we should desire him.
1
For the hiph. form of the verb lkf, BDB gives act circumspectly, prudently, as the LXX, ESV and NIV
translate, and prosper, have success, as the NRS and NAS translate. I have gone with prosper because the context
focuses on the Servant’s exaltation despite his suffering, but both renderings are clearly possible.
2
Most translations, including ESV, NRS, and NIV, give Just as … So…; but BDB says that when rv,a]K is
answered by !Ke, it means the more…the more, and this makes sense for English readers in this context
(B4348 pg 455). I add an article to many simply because “the more many” sounds awkward.
3
ESV: beyond human semblance; NAS: more than any man? The m here is probably one of separation rather than
comparison. Isaiah does not mean that this person is more disfigured than any other person, but that he is so
disfigured that he hardly appears human [John N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 40-66 (Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1998), 373).
4
While the ESV, NIV and other evangelical commentaries translate hZ<y: here sprinkle, the LXX
translates it qauma,sontai (astonish), and the NRS translates it startle. As Deilizsch argues, this Hebrew verb
always takes an accusative or direct object referring to blood or water or whatever was used for sprinkling, never the
thing or person sprinkled like an altar. Moreover, this line of Hebrew poetry runs parallel with the next line;
together, they communicate the amazement the nations and their rulers will have before the Servant. Without this
word, we loose nothing of his priestly sacrificial work communicated so clearly later in the poem.
5
Gesenius explains that this interrogative  accompanied by the perfect here expresses a rhetorical question
expecting a denial (Wilhelm Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar; Ed. E. Kautzsch [Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1910], 476).
6
There have been suggestions that this is the prophets (collectively) or even the Gentiles, but it fits better as a
lament of the prophet as a representative of Israel that so many have turned from the faith the remnant has nearly
become obsolete (Delitszsch, 504).
7
The LXX and the Syr both say that this is a young child, and, although  refers to a “sucking one,” and can refer
either to a human or a plant (see BDB 413), the parallelism supports the latter. See Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah, 374,
n. 59; and Motyer who suggests that the image of the plant recalls the Messiah as the “holy seed” of 6:13 (The
Prophesy of Isaiah, 428).
8
I have only kept this as “and” in keeping with the course translation rules. All of the major translations here
choose to translate this as “that,” which makes better sense of the cohortative. Joüon and Muraoka explain this as
an indirect cohortative “for us to remark him” (A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew [SubBi 27; Rome: Editrice Pontificio
Istituto Biblico, 2006], §116c).

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 Bill McLellan Covenant Theological Seminary Prophetical Books Dr. C. John Collins 4 April 2008 Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Isaiah 52:13-53:12 Annotated Translation (13) Behold, my Servant shall prosper1; he shall be high and lifted up, and he shall be very high. (14) The more2 great [people] were appalled at you— for his face was disfigured from human appearance3 and his form from the sons of man— (15) the more he shall astonish4 many nations; on account of him kings shall shut their mouths. For, that which had not been recounted to them they shall see, and that which they had not heard they shall understand. (1) Who5 has believed what they heard from us?6 And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? (2) And he grew up like a sapling7 before him and like a root out of dry ground, and [he had] no form to him and no splendor and8 we should look at him, and no appearance and we should desire him. (3) [He was] despised and forsaken by men, a man of sorrows and experienced with suffering9; and like a hiding of faces from him, he was despised and we did not esteem him. (4) Surely our suffering10 he himself has carried, and our sorrows he has born; and we esteemed him struck down, smitten by God and afflicted. (5) And [he was] pierced11 for our transgressions, [he was] crushed for our iniquities; chastisement for our peace12 [was] upon him, and by his stripes it was healed for us.13 (6) All we like the sheep have wandered; man has turned to h ...
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