CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY NOTES # 1 PREPARED BY: DR. MA. CRISTINA SJ LIWANAG NOTES: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA: • • • • • • Prokaryotic Has both RNA and DNA Multiplies by binary fission Measured in um Average size 0.4-2 um ; smallest living organism Mycoplsma spp. Largest Bacillus spp. Produce either exotoxins or endotoxins. TOXINS biologically produced poisons are IMPORTANT PARTS OF BACTERIAL CELL Flagella organ for locomotion • WAYS TO DEMONSTRATE MOTILITY • Atrichous = absence of flagella • Monotrichous = single flagellum at one end • Amphitrichous = single flagellum at both ends • Lophotrichous = tuft/bundle of flagella at one or both ends • Peritrichous= bacterium surrounded with flagella Pili/Fimbriae shorter than flagella, with uniform length, usually found among gram negative • Common pili attchment to host cell;more common Sex Pili gene conjugation Capsule not common to all; slimy area that cover the cell wall; prevent phagocytosis or phagocytic; usually gram negative organism • Neufeld Quellung Test capsule conditions Pillus- singular of pili Organism with pili - N. gonorrhoeae NOTE: Attachment of cell is the first step to infection Organisms with capsules: K. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae NOTE: Capsule are responsible for mucoid colonies anti capsular swelling test; usued to detect organisms with Cell wall a.ka.majority has cell walls; known as murein layer or peptidoglycan layer Endospores a ...
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