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U.S. Interventions in Latin America
Just thought you should know about this.
© 1996 by Mark Rosenfelder
Key:
Military incursions
Covert or indirect operations
! Other events of note
1846
The U.S., fulfilling the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, goes to war with Mexico
and ends up with a third of Mexico's territory.
1850, 1853, 1854, 1857
U.S. interventions in Nicaragua.
1855
Tennessee adventurer William Walker and his mercenaries take over Nicaragua,
institute forced labor, and legalize slavery.
"Los yankis... have burst their way like a fertilizing torrent through the barriers
of barbarism." --N.Y. Daily News
He's ousted two years later by a Central American coalition largely inspired by
Cornelius Vanderbilt, whose trade Walker was infringing.
"The enemies of American civilization-- for such are the enemies of slavery--
seem to be more on the alert than its friends." --William Walker
1856
First of five U.S. interventions in Panama to protect the Atlantic-Pacific railroad
from Panamanian nationalists.
1898
U.S. declares war on Spain, blaming it for destruction of the Maine. (In 1976, a
U.S. Navy commission will conclude that the explosion was probably an
accident.) The war enables the U.S. to occupy Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
Philippines.
1903
The Platt Amendment inserted into the Cuban constitution grants the U.S. the
right to intervene when it sees fit.
1903
When negotiations with Colombia break down, the U.S. sends ten warships to
back a rebellion in Panama in order to acquire the land for the Panama Canal.
The Frenchman Philippe Bunau-Varilla negotiates the Canal Treaty and writes
Panama's constitution.
1904
U.S. sends customs agents to take over finances of the Dominican Republic to
assure payment of its external debt.

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1905
U.S. Marines help Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz crush a strike in Sonora.
1905
U.S. troops land in Honduras for the first of 5 times in next 20 years.
1906
Marines occupy Cuba for two years in order to prevent a civil war.
1907
Marines intervene in Honduras to settle a war with Nicaragua.
1908
U.S. troops intervene in Panama for first of 4 times in next decade.
1909
Liberal President José Santos Zelaya of Nicaragua proposes that American
mining and banana companies pay taxes; he has also appropriated church lands
and legalized divorce, done business with European firms, and executed two
Americans for participating in a rebellion. Forced to resign through U.S. pressure.
The new president, Adolfo Díaz, is the former treasurer of an American mining
company.
1910
U.S. Marines occupy Nicaragua to help support the Díaz regime.
1911
The Liberal regime of Miguel Dávila in Honduras has irked the State Department
by being too friendly with Zelaya and by getting into debt with Britain. He is
overthrown by former president Manuel Bonilla, aided by American banana
tycoon Sam Zemurray and American mercenary Lee Christmas, who becomes
commander-in-chief of the Honduran army.
1912
U.S. Marines intervene in Cuba to put down a rebellion of sugar workers.
1912
Nicaragua occupied again by the U.S., to shore up the inept Díaz government.
An election is called to resolve the crisis: there are 4000 eligible voters, and one
candidate, Díaz. The U.S. maintains troops and advisors in the country until 1925.
1914
U.S. bombs and then occupies Vera Cruz, in a conflict arising out of a dispute
with Mexico's new government. President Victoriano Huerta resigns.
1915
U.S. Marines occupy Haiti to restore order, and establish a protectorate which
lasts till 1934. The president of Haiti is barred from the U.S. Officers' Club in
Port-au-Prince, because he is black.
"Think of it-- niggers speaking French!" --secretary of State William Jennings
Bryan, briefed on the Haitian situation
1916
Marines occupy the Dominican Republic, staying till 1924.
! 1916
Pancho Villa, in the sole act of Latin American aggression against the U.S, raids
the city of Columbus, New Mexico, killing 17 Americans.

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U.S. Interventions in Latin America Just thought you should know about this. © 1996 by Mark Rosenfelder Key: Military incursions Covert or indirect operations ! Other events of note 1846 The U.S., fulfilling the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, goes to war with Mexico and ends up with a third of Mexico's territory. 1850, 1853, 1854, 1857 U.S. interventions in Nicaragua. 1855 Tennessee adventurer William Walker and his mercenaries take over Nicaragua, institute forced labor, and legalize slavery. "Los yankis... have burst their way like a fertilizing torrent through the barriers of barbarism." --N.Y. Daily News He's ousted two years later by a Central American coalition largely inspired by Cornelius Vanderbilt, whose trade Walker was infringing. "The enemies of American civilization-- for such are the enemies of slavery-seem to be more on the alert than its friends." --William Walker 1856 First of five U.S. interventions in Panama to protect the Atlantic-Pacific railroad from Panamanian nationalists. 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain, blaming it for destruction of the Maine. (In 1976, a U.S. Navy commission will conclude that the explosion was probably an accident.) The war enables the U.S. to occupy Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. 1903 The Platt Amendment inserted into the Cuban constitution grants the U.S. the right to intervene when it sees fit. 1903 When negotiations with Colombia break down, the U.S. sends ten warships to back a rebellion in Panama in order to ...
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