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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISM OF NEPAL

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISM OF NEPAL
The state of media in Nepal
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- History of Nepalese media goes parallel with the political history of Nepal.
- History of Nepalese journalism can be divided into five periods;
- Period of traditional media
- Rana period (1903 - 2007 BS)
- After Establishment of democracy (2007 - 2017 BS)
- Panchyat period - before referendum (2017 - 2036)
-After referendum (2036 - 2046)
- After restoration of democracy (2047 to present)
Period of Traditional Media
- Era of national unification
- No any print and audio- visual media
- First newspaper ' Bengal Gazett' published from Calcutta, city of neighboring country India in 1837 BS
(1780AD)
- But no influence in Nepal, due to political, educational, transportation and so many causes.
- Tradition of 'katuwal karaune', 'jhyali pitne', 'sankha phukne', 'damaha thataune', 'karnal phukne' etc. were in
practice for public information and mass communication
- Those types of practices lasted for a long period, still exist in remote rural parts of the kingdom
- Katuwal played an important role in the history of mass communication
- 'katuwale pathi' (food grains as remuneration)
- Village panchyats had also adjust them as peons
- Katuwals were more effective than newspapers and modern media in illiterate and backward communities.
RANA PERIOD ( 1903 2007 BS)
- BS 1908, Prime Minister Jung B.Rana (JBR) brought a hand press from his historical visit to Europe
- It was the first press machine entered in Nepal
- It was installed at JBR's palace at Thapathali, Kathmandu.
- Due to trade mark of an eagle, it was known as ' giddhe press', its official name was ' type chapakhana'
- It was used for newspaper publication purpose only after 50 years of its entry in Nepal
GORKHA BHARAT JEEVAN
- The first media publication in Nepali language
- It was published from Banaras
- Main initiative was taken by the great intellectual Moti Ram Bhatta, editor was Ram Krishna Barma
- I t was a monthly magazine, based on literature
- Printed at Bharat Jeevan Press, Banaras.
- The press was owned by Ram k. Barma himself
- Some confusion on the real date of its first publication
Bs. 1943 - according to the Press Commission Report- 2015
Bs. 1945 - according to the historian of Nepali language and literature Harsha Nath Sharma
Bs. 1950 -according to the book 'Patrakarita', written by Ram Raj Poudyal

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- one ad. was published in bs 1952 at the cover page of ' Gorkha hasya mangari ' book , published from the
same Bharat Jeeban press, Banars. Ad. Was as follows.'' G]fkfnL efiffdf afa' /fds[i0f jdf{ ;Dkfbs }uf]vf{ ef/t
hLjg ]n] cg]s t/xsf xf;L lbNnuL cf} rt'ofO{sf s'/f ;+u|x u/L cfkm\gf lghL oGqfnodf 5fkL k|sfz u/] . ''
- Media historians Grishma Bahadur Devkota and Ram Raj Poudyal were based on that ad.
- No one from new generation has seen the copy of Gorkha Bharat Jeevan.
- Kamal mani Dixit has mention in his book ' Kalo Akchhar' that some copies of 'Gorkha Bhatat Jeevan ' were
in Kashi vidyapeeth,
- How many issues it published? How many copies it printed? And did it imported to Nepal? The answers are
still unknown.
- Two major importance of ' Gorkha Bharat Jeeban' -
- A) existance of Gorkha ( Nepali) language among other languages of Indian sub- continent.
- B) Confidence built-up and encouragement to Nepalese youth and intellectuals for magazine publication in
their mother language.
- The result was publication of ' Sudha Sagar'.
SUDHA SAGAR
- The first press publication from Nepal
- The second magazine in Nepali language
- Published in b.s. 1955 Srawan
- A monthly literary magazine
- Published and edited by Pdt. Naradev Pande and Kapil Dev
- Printed at Pashupat press, Thahiti, Kathmandu
- Inspired by Motiram Bhatta , but he cou'dnt saw it, due to his untimely demise in 1953 bs at the age of just 30
- How many issues and copies were published? it is unknown.
- Media historians Ram Raj Poudyal and Grishma Bahadur Devkota also could not saw it.
- According to Itihas Siromani Baburam Acharya, he had 4 or 5 copies of Sudha Sagar, but lost in the debris of
1990 's earth quake.
- The copies were of same issue or different issues? It is not clear.
- Some information about Sudha Sagar was published as an Ad. at the back cover page of ' gnf]kfVofg', a book
published in 1956 from the same press(Pashupat), by the same persons ( Nardev and his friends)
- The ad. was as follows…………'' of a8f] v'zLsf] aft eofsf] 5 sL xfd|f uf]vf{ efiffdf klg %% ;fnsf >fj0f d}gf
b]vLg ;'wf;fu/ eGof df;Ls kq lg:Sofsf] 5 h:df cg]s t/xsf laWg cfgGb lbGof Znf]s syfx? ;d]t xfnL k|sfz
x'G5 . o:df xfd|f] uf]vf{nL ifHhg dxfzox?n] cfkm\gf] b]z, cfkm\gf] efiffsf] pGgltsf lgldQ cjZo bof b[li6 ug'{
x'Go] 5 . dlb;]x?sf xhf/f} kq lg:sG5g tfklg Ps @ cvaf/ b; xhf/ af/xhf/ u|fxs 5g\ eGof xfd|f uf]vf{df kmut
Ps dfq 5 emg o;dft ;a} xfd|f :jb];Lo dxfzox? ;j}n] hfj]f sdklg !.. ?k}of dfq b]zf]GgtL efiffsf] pGgtL ugf{sf
lgldQ u|fxs >]0fLdf cj:o gfd n]vfpg' k5{ lsg eGof of] dfl;s kq tkfOx?af6 dbb\t gulb{gfn] sy+sbflrt aGb
eof] uf|xs sd eof eGof d]/f] dfq gf]S;fg kfGof{ xfjf}g sL tkfOx?nfO{ klg s]xL ;/d x'g hfnf . lab];L klg olx
eGgg sL g]kfnaf6 Ps dfl;s kq lg:Sofsf] lyof] ;f] klg u|fxs sd x'gfn] jGb eof] uf]Vff{nLx? Afif{ lbgsf] hfjf]
!..? lbgnfO{ klg ufxf/f] dfGof /Xof 5g\ t:dft x] :jb];Lo a'l4jGt dxfzox? of] s'/f ;j} ljrf/ ug'{ xj; o; kmut Psnf]
cgfy ;'wf;fu/sf pk/ bof/fvL cfkm\gf b]z efiffsf] pGglt ug'{ xj;\ .
- This appeal is enough to understand the financial and other condition of Sudha Sagar.
- Big lack of research about Sudha Sagar as well as Gorkha Bharat Jeeban.
- No any contribution by Rana regime in publication of Sudha Sagar.
GORKHAPATRA AND AFTER

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 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISM OF NEPAL The state of media in Nepal HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE History of Nepalese media goes parallel with the political history of Nepal. History of Nepalese journalism can be divided into five periods; Period of traditional media Rana period (1903 - 2007 BS) After Establishment of democracy (2007 - 2017 BS) Panchyat period - before referendum (2017 - 2036) -After referendum (2036 - 2046) After restoration of democracy (2047 to present) Period of Traditional Media Era of national unification No any print and audio- visual media First newspaper ' Bengal Gazett' published from Calcutta, city of neighboring country India in 1837 BS (1780AD) But no influence in Nepal, due to political, educational, transportation and so many causes. Tradition of 'katuwal karaune', 'jhyali pitne', 'sankha phukne', 'damaha thataune', 'karnal phukne' etc. were in practice for public information and mass communication Those types of practices lasted for a long period, still exist in remote rural parts of the kingdom Katuwal played an important role in the history of mass communication 'katuwale pathi' (food grains as remuneration) Village panchyats had also adjust them as peons Katuwals were more effective than newspapers and modern media in illiterate and backward communities. RANA PERIOD ( 1903 – 2007 BS) BS 1908, Prime Minister Jung B.Rana (JBR) brought a hand press from his historical visit to Europe It w ...
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