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Chapter 16 chemistry notes 12th class 18

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544 [CH.16) Environmental Chemistry (iii) Smoke stacks from incineration may emit oxides of nitrogen and sulphur which lead to acid rain. (iv) Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc., may also be present in the leachate of the incinerators. Recycling: "The process in which solid wastes are not discarded but after processing it is used again, is called recycling." In our country, glass, paper, plastic and metals such as iron, copper and alumium are recycled. Recycling has the following advantages: (1) The volume of the waste reduces. (2) By recycling one conserve the sources such as raw materials and energy. (i) Recycling of Paper: The larger item which is recycled is newspaper and in its recycling process the release of chlorine or other bleaching acids and organic solvents, is significantly less as compared to formation of these compounds during the processing of virgin newspaper. To improve the whiteness of the recycled newspaper it is blended with the virgin newspaper or sometimes treated with peroxides and hydrosulphites. In recycling process the fiber of the newspaper becomes shorter so it can be recycled again and again for five times. Total recycling of paper has not been possible so far. Unrecoverable paper is disposed off by incineration process. ...
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