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A PROLOGUE TO FAULT CALCULATIONS
A PROLOGUE TO FAULT CALCULATIONS
(First of a Series)
GENERAL DISCUSSION
“continuity of operation in an industrial plant is as good as its electric power system. Its value speaks
for itself the instant power is interrupted during production days or much more, during the visit of company ocers.
Even with the best design and top-of-the line materials available, the likelihood of a fault in power systems increases
with age".

 

‘safe system’ abnormal conditions.!"




#
!$%
‘System Protection Department’ &mystifying to operation or maintenance engineers in the
industrial plant.$%"
'(
'(
!

 !"!relays
“brains”breakers, the “muscles”. )'*+,-.
/+0%1'21-
."03
2

1"

OVER-CURRENTS
“over-current”‘Overload’ 

"4‘short-circuit’ 
5
OVERLOADS
6-.748
5,
,&" !

9:
2,
6

 "
2
SHORT-CIRCUITS
) 
;<<<<!
"
=="/

'
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2/6
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“interrupting rating”. 
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SELECTIVE COORDINATION - PREVENTION OF BLACKOUTS
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# !
'“fault control”.
A PROLOGUE TO FAULT CALCULATION (Part II)
A PROLOGUE TO FAULT CALCULATIONS
(Second of a Series)
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A PROLOGUE TO FAULT CALCULATIONS A PROLOGUE TO FAULT CALCULATIONS (First of a Series) GENERAL DISCUSSION Experts say that, "continuity of operation in an industrial plant is as good as its electric power system. Its value speaks for itself the instant power is interrupted during production days or much more, during the visit of company officers. Even with the best design and top-of-the line materials available, the likelihood of a fault in power systems increases with age". According to experience, faults usually surface out after about five years operation of a brand-new plant. The industrial plant therefore must be designed to anticipate these faults, thus the need for fault calculations - the end objective of which is to design a plant sturdy enough to survive the disastrous effects of faults. Electrical practitioners should be aware of the responsibility that an electrical system should not only be designed and constructed as a 'safe system' under normal service conditions but also during abnormal conditions. Its protection schemes designed & selectively coordinated as well, to insure continuity of service even during abnormal times. Abnormal conditions are always associated with electrical faults and a well-planned fault control system from the medium voltage level down to the last low voltage circuit is one where only the faulted circuit is isolated without disturbing any 'unfaulted' parts of the system. Although electrical systems are supposedly designed by resp ...
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