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CASE STUDY: CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT INFARCT

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I.Introduction
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), ischemic stroke, cerebral infarction, or “brain attack” is a sudden loss
of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain (Smeltzer et al., 2008). A
cerebrovascular accident often results in permanent serious complications and disability and is a common cause
of death. CVAs are the second leading cause of death worldwide.
The brain requires a steady supply of oxygen in order to pump blood effectively to all of the body.
Oxygen is supplied to the brain in the blood that flows through arteries. In a cerebrovascular accident, one or
more of these arteries becomes blocked or ruptures or begins to leak. This deprives a portion of the brain of
vital oxygen-rich blood. This damage can become permanent within minutes and result in the death of the
affected brain tissue. This is called cerebral necrosis.
A cerebrovascular accident caused by a cerebral thrombosis is the result of a build-up of plaque and
inflammation in the arteries, called atherosclerosis. This process narrows the brain arteries and lowers the amount
of oxygen-rich blood that reaches the brain tissue. Arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis are more likely to
develop a blood clot that completely blocks blood flow to an area of the brain. Risk factors
for atherosclerosis include having high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension.
The extent of the damage done to the brain and resulting symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident vary
depending on the type, the area or areas of the brain affected, and how much time passes before the
cerebrovascular accident is treated. Complications of cerebrovascular accident include permanent neurological
damage, disability and death. Patient E.D.G. experienced right-sided weakness with slurring of speech which
convinced the family to bring her to the hospital.
The symptoms of stroke depend on what part of the brain is damaged. In some cases, a person may not
even be aware that he or she has had a stroke.
Symptoms usually develop suddenly and without warning, or they may occur on and off for the first day
or two. Symptoms are usually most severe when the stroke first happens, but they may slowly get worse.
Symptoms may include: muscle weakness in the face, arm, or leg (usually just one side), numbness or tingling on
one side of the body, trouble speaking or understanding others who are speaking, problems with eyesight,
including decreased vision, double vision, or total loss of vision, sensation changes that affect touch and the ability
to feel pain, pressure, different temperatures, or other stimuli, changes in hearing, change in alertness
(including sleepiness, unconsciousness, and coma), personality, mood, or emotional changes, confusion or loss
of memory, difficulty swallowing, changes in taste, difficulty writing or reading, loss of coordination, loss of
balance, clumsiness, trouble walking, dizziness or abnormal sensation of movement (vertigo), lack of control
over the bladder or bowels.
Risk factors for a cerebrovascular accident include a having hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, high
cholesterol and obesity. Other risk factors include being of African-American ancestry, being male, drinking
excessive amounts of alcohol, smoking and having a family history of heart disease or cerebrovascular accident.

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II.Objectives
Specific Objectives
Patient and Significant Other Centered
To establish a good working relationship with the nurse
To give patient and significant other a welcoming atmosphere for her to express their needs
To give the watcher health teachings about her condition to raise their level of awareness
To motivate the family to care for the patient conscientiously
To assist patient with activities of daily living
To promote self esteem and independence of the patient
To promote positive outlook of the patient towards healing
To alleviate patient’s suffering
To meet developmental needs of the patient
To provide patient’s oral needs to maintain consistency of care
Student-centered
To establish rapport with patient and significant others
To increase knowledge regarding the case of the patient
To understand the principles underlying cerebrovascular accident
To broaden understanding on the disease process
To familiarize with the tests done in diagnosing the disease
To give the appropriate interventions
To identify factors that could worsen the condition
To know the different surgical and medical management and as well as the disease’s nursing management
To work professionally and set limitations
To identify appropriate nursing interventions
To apply the concepts learned in the school
To become a better nurse who is fair and just to her patients
To respect the patient’s decisions regarding the care she wants
To work with the health care team and maintain good working relationships with them
To learn new ways to care for the patient
To maintain consistency of care to the patient
To develop self-awareness and professionalism
To gain experiences and apply them in the future
III. Personal Data

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I. Introduction Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), ischemic stroke, cerebral infarction, or “brain attack” is a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain (Smeltzer et al., 2008). A cerebrovascular accident often results in permanent serious complications and disability and is a common cause of death. CVAs are the second leading cause of death worldwide. The brain requires a steady supply of oxygen in order to pump blood effectively to all of the body. Oxygen is supplied to the brain in the blood that flows through arteries. In a cerebrovascular accident, one or more of these arteries becomes blocked or ruptures or begins to leak. This deprives a portion of the brain of vital oxygen-rich blood. This damage can become permanent within minutes and result in the death of the affected brain tissue. This is called cerebral necrosis. A cerebrovascular accident caused by a cerebral thrombosis is the result of a build-up of plaque and inflammation in the arteries, called atherosclerosis. This process narrows the brain arteries and lowers the amount of oxygen-rich blood that reaches the brain tissue. Arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis are more likely to develop a blood clot that completely blocks blood flow to an area of the brain. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include having high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. The extent of the damage done to the brain and resulting symptoms of a cerebrovascular acci ...
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