1. DataX Space is a large data management and storage company based in Chicago, Illinois, with smaller branches located in various locations throughout the United States. The company provides cloud-based solutions for corporate clients as well as small-scale data management software for individuals. The company’s central office has a fully staffed HR department whose biggest challenge is meeting the diverse HR needs of a large organization. DataX Space branch in Boca Raton, FL, has experienced some losses over the years from hurricanes and floods. Their facility in Salt Lake City, UT has recently experienced losses from an earthquake. Security measures are in place to help keep the property safe and protected from natural disasters. What is the more serious and costly threat to property safety that should be addressed? Employee theft Vandalism Poorly trained security personnel Outdated computer virus protection 2. Recent violent attacks have increased in an area where DataX Space has a long-existing branch. The management team fears that customers will stop visiting the branch if they know about a threat. Earlier today, an incident occurred that threatened violence. What should the management team do? Contact the local news station so the general public is informed Keep the threat only to the management and HR lead until it escalates into a punishable offense Notify employees and customers, give an overview, and keep all parties informed of any changes Only inform the police and let them make any necessary notifications to those involved keeping security concerns low3. DataX Space provides its employees with desks, coat racks, lockers, and offices. Manager Majorie Lee believes that since the premise is owned by DataX Space and not the employees, then she, on behalf of the company, has the right to search anything in the building without notice and for any reason. What constitutional right could Majorie Lee be violating? The First Amendment to the United States Constitution The Third Amendment to the United States Constitution The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution4. Computerall Inc. is a small software solutions start-up company based in Los Angeles, California, with approximately 50 employees. Because the company has expensive equipment on site, the management team has turned its attention to potential security threats. The team has determined that company facilities are vulnerable to potential break-ins. They propose several strategies to help ensure that their equipment is safe. What is the best security strategy for the company? Place security cameras around the facility to monitor for potential vulnerabilities Create and staff a full security department to patrol the facilities 24 hours a day Put up fences around the complex to keep intruders out Create a contract with an external security company to meet the start-up company’s critical security demands 5. Sunshine Health Clinic is a medium-sized medical provider in Kalispell, Montana. It collects and handles sensitive information regarding each of its patients, and it is required by law to ensure that data is not shared through any inappropriate channels. When discussing patient information, the employees at Sunshine must ask security questions to ensure that they do not disclose any sensitive information about their patients to third parties. In this situation, which security risk condition is most likely represented? Low Frequency-High Risk High Frequency-High Risk High Frequency-Low Risk Low Frequency-Low Risk6. DataX Space, a large data management and storage company, opened a small field site in Southern California last month. Recently, company executives have started to have conversations about safety and security. The HR manager wants to start implementing security measures to ensure a safer work environment for employees. What is the first step the HR manager should take? Establish roles and responsibilities Perform an evaluation of safety risks Conduct a thorough vulnerability analysis Determine an overall security strategy 7. The HR manager of ClothesLine, a retail clothing store, recently read an article that stated that companies suffer huge losses from employee theft. After reading the article, the HR manager wants to help mitigate the issue in any way possible. Which is the most effective solution to reduce employee theft? Include some form of honesty test in the employee selection process Require employees to take polygraph tests after a theft occurs Create a bonus plan that will pay all employees $50 a week if no thefts occur Place cameras in more private areas of the store to catch employees stealing8. Craig is a security guard at DataX Space. His job is to ensure that no one enters the property from 12 a.m. to 6 a.m. He monitors the many cameras covering the 46,000 square foot property. One morning around 3 a.m., he sees what appears to be a person trying to enter the facility. He notifies the police who quickly respond to the situation. It turns out that the figure on the video monitor was actually a stray cat climbing on the gate. According to signal detection theory, which monitoring mistake did Craig make? A False Alarm A True Miss A Hit A Security Breach 9. Phillip, a former employee at Roaring Water Works, a waterpark in Ohio, was recently terminated as a result of misconduct. The grounds for his termination were neglecting to monitor his lifeguarding station and therefore risking the safety of the swimmers. Philip calls the HR manager of Roaring Water Works to inquire about unemployment benefits because he is having a hard time finding another job. What kind of unemployment benefits will Phillip receive? Phillip can only receive 50 percent of his unemployment Phillip will only receive unemployment for 12 weeks Phillip will receive unemployment for 26 weeks Phillip will not qualify for unemployment 10. DataX Space is paying high unemployment insurance premiums. You are invited to a meeting with the executive team to address the issue. Which HR recommendation could you offer to help solve the problem? Submit unemployment insurance appeals to prevent the impact of false claims Provide employees with the option to invest in a 401(k) Only offer unemployment insurance to select employees Offer a severance package to reduce the need for unemployment insurance 11. Amy is the chief human resources officer at DataX Space, a large data management and storage company. She and the executive team at DataX Space are becoming increasingly concerned about proprietary information and other intellectual property theft. The team is especially concerned about employees purposefully stealing data after quitting or being terminated. To minimize the likeliness of intellectual property theft, Amy should implement all except which of the following policies for employees who are leaving the company? Remind each employee about post-termination restrictive covenants and intellectual property assignments Ask each employee to sign a document stating that he or she has not shared private data through company email Show each employee his or her confidentiality agreement during the exit interview Ask each employee to sign a document stating that he or she has returned all the company’s devices 12. During exit interviews with departing employees, the employees should be shown confidentiality agreements that they signed earlier and be reminded of their commitment. They should be asked to sign a document saying that they have returned all computers and electronic storage devices and that they have not made copies of such records. In their severance agreement, they should be reminded about post-termination restrictive covenants, intellectual property assignments, and non-solicitation agreements. DataX Space stores and handles sensitive information for several companies. One of the ways the company provides value to its customers is by ensuring that customers’ sensitive information remains safe. The executive team at DataX Space wants to take the proper steps to avoid security threats, including hackers, thieves, and scammers. What is one of the first steps DataX Space should take to increase computer security? Monitor employee website use on company devices Implement a firewall Conduct employee trainings on ways to avoid unsafe websites Encrypt all sensitive information entering and leaving the company 13. You are an HR manager at DataX Space. For the past few weeks, you have been running a series of training sessions for a group of managers. Today’s training is on how to create a safer work environment for employees. During the discussion, a manager asks, “How can we, as managers, reduce the likeliness of an incident of workplace violence when disciplining employees?” What is the best advice you could give to this manager? The manager should never discipline employees. Disciplining employees leads to low morale and upset feelings. The manager should always discipline employees with a security guard present because employees are less likely to become violent. The manager should always discipline employees in private because it’s better to handle sensitive information one-on-one. The manager should always discipline employees in a public setting because people are less likely to act aggressively with their peers present. 14. Last week, DataX Space had a fire in one of its research and development labs due to some poor electrical wiring. The employees were trained on how to handle the emergency situation. Unfortunately, an employee working in the lab was burned badly on his left arm and had to be treated at the hospital. The employee is now safe and making a swift recovery. As the HR manager, you are meeting with other managers to debrief them on the situation and create a plan moving forward. How would you advise the management team to communicate with employees of DataX Space moving forward? The management team should communicate the details of the incident as quickly and accurately as possible because silence following an emergency can be unsettling. The management team should only communicate solely within management because they will be the ones carrying out the safety plans moving forward. The management team should not communicate the details of the incident to the other employees because it will make them feel unsafe. The management team should wait a few weeks to communicate with the employees because it will give everyone time to decompress from the stressful situation. 15. Greg is part of a rotational HR development program at DataX Space. His current role is in employee relations. This week, he is flying to a field site with another seasoned HR professional to perform his first theft investigation. Greg is putting together a plan for the investigation, and he needs to determine how to produce the best results. What should Greg do to get the best results from the investigation? Begin with the manager because he is responsible for discipling the employees Begin with non-suspect employees to collect general information Begin with the least-likely suspect leading up to the most-likely Begin with the most-likely suspect leading up to the least-likely 16. Sue is an HR manager at DataX Space. Recently, an employee named Jonathan got into a disagreement and assaulted another employee. Jonathan is a high-performing employee with no history of receiving disciplinary action. In fact, Sue was completely surprised to hear that Jonathan got into an altercation. After Sue performed a thorough investigation of the incident, Johnathan admitted to hitting the other employee in anger. As the HR manager, Sue now has to determine how to discipline Jonathan. What should Sue do? Terminate Jonathan and end the working relationship Suspend Jonathan for two weeks without pay Ignore the incident because it was likely a one-time incident Write Jonathan up and place him on probation for the next six months 17. Some workplace violence stems from the personal problems of employees rather than from adverse events at work. Managers and supervisors need to be able to recognize troubled employees and try to respond to their needs before they resort to violence. The executive team at DataX Space is working hard to make the organization a safer place for employees to work. All except which of the following actions would help improve safety? Appoint a safety specialist to enforce all safety practices Create an advisory committee to oversee safety concerns Create and implement a policy regarding emergency situations Appoint a coordinator to oversee the development and implementation of the plan

Chapter 17 Discussion If you were president and wanted to gather support for a new foreign policy initiative, which three U.S. foreign policy actors would you approach and why? What do you think is the most advantageous school of thought for the United States to follow in foreign policy in the future? Why? Respond to at least 2 other students' posts. Chapter 17 Learning Objectives: Explain what foreign policy is and how it differs from domestic policy. Identify the objectives of U.S. foreign policy. Explain the role of actors who engage in foreign policy. Explain classic schools of thought on U.S. foreign policy. Remember to  incorporate the course readings to form a foundation for your responses. Be sure to discuss relevant examples.  Additionally, you must properly cite the course text  (Krutz, 2020, page number). Consult the Discussion Grading Guidelines for additional details.  second peer below Explain what foreign policy is and how it differs from domestic policy. Foreign policy is, "“the goals that a state’s officials seek to attain abroad, the values that give rise to those objectives, and the means or instruments used to pursue them" (Kurtz, 628, 2020). Foreign policy is focused on areas outside of the country, while domestic policy is focused inside of the country. It is important to note that foreign and domestic policy can overlap. For example, immigration issues (foreign policy) may often have domestic related policy issues (housing/education) (Kurtz, 628, 2020). Identify the objectives of U.S. foreign policy. The 4 main objectives of US foreign policy are, "(1) the protection of the U.S. and its citizens, (2) the maintenance of access to key resources and markets, (3) the preservation of a balance of power in the world, and (4) the protection of human rights and democracy" (Kurtz, 629, 2020). The first objective, protection, encompasses treaties/relationships with allied countries. It also includes military policies and those on threats to the country as a whole. These threats can be military or economic in nature. This encompasses things like boycotts, trade agreements, and tariffs. The second objective of maintaining access to key resources includes natural and economic resources. Natural resources are things like water and oil. Economic resources are things like foreign investment money for domestic projects like bridges, tunnels, etc. This objective also covers getting Americans access to good sold by other countries to the US and selling American goods to other countries. The third goal deals with keeping a balance of power around the world. This balance of power refers to making sure no one country is vastly more powerful than the other countries of the world. While this would be impossible to perfectly balance, the US would look to policies that keep countries' military operations predictable and would focus on an absence of war related conflict. This can also include non-governmental organizations like terrorist groups. The fourth goal regarding protecting human rights and democracy. This is done largely by promoting peace in other countries, providing foreign aid, to developing countries and joining international peacekeeping organizations like the United Nations (Kurtz, 629, 2020). These foreign policy goals are met by the use of different foreign policy types which include, "trade, diplomacy, sanctions, military/defense, intelligence, foreign aid, and global environmental policy" (Kurtz, 632, 2020). Trade policies influence the exchange of goods and services between the US and other countries. Protectionism policy is when a country does not sell goods or services from other countries or when it charges high tariffs to do so. Free trade policy is where goods/services are freely exchanged with no stipulations. Opponents of free trade say that it does not benefit US workers and companies enough. The US has used both approaches at different times in its history. The United States has a trade deficit which means it imports more goods than it exports (Kurtz, 632, 2020). Diplomacy policies create and upkeep relationships between countries. Many diplomatic policies rely on ambassadors who represent their countries but live in another country (the one they are forming/upkeeping relationship with). Diplomatic measures are usually the first way the US tries to resolve conflict with other countries. These policies can include shows of soft power, which do not use military means and shows of hard power, which do use the military. The waging of war can also be considered a diplomatic policy (Kurtz, 632-633, 2020). Intelligence policies are those that refer to getting information from other countries or foreign sources that may be important to the US. These policies can involve direct gathering (overt) or secret gathering (covert) of information. Typically the important information is used to help defend or protect the United States (Kurtz, 633, 2020). Foreign aid policy involves the US providing materials and economic aid (also known as humanitarian aid) to developing countries to increase stability and the quality of life for those countries' citizens. This would not include military help for those countries (which would fall under defense policy) (Kurtz, 634, 2020). Global environmental policies center around environmental issues like global warming, climate change, pollution, extinction of species, etc. This type of policy can involve research, economic funding, and even the joining of environmental pacts/groups. The US participation in environmental policies globally has varied over the years (Kurtz, 634, 2020). Explain the role of actors who engage in foreign policy. White house staff, executive branch staff, and congressional leaders are groups of actors who engage in foreign policy. White House staff people usually have contact with the President about what they are doing. This includes the National Security Advisor of the National Security Council who come from many different foreign policy groups. The National Security Advisor is the president's right hand man/woman on foreign policy matters. Another set of actors in this same sphere of influence are the director of the CIA and the director of national intelligence. The director of national intelligence oversees the intelligence operations of the US government. The Joint Chiefs of Staff are 6 members of the armed forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, a chair, and a vice chair). The chair is the top military officer. The Secretary of defense heads the defense department but is nonmilitary. The US trade representative deals with US trade with foreign countries (Kurtz, 647-648, 2020). In the President's executive office, there is the director of the president's Office of Management and Budget. This person develops the country's budget proposal each year which includes foreign policy and foreign aid line items. The secretary of state is the head diplomat of the country. This is a cabinet position who oversees the Foreign Service. The secretary of homeland security is also an actor responsible for security within the United States (Kurtz, 648, 2020). Congress is also a key group in US foreign policy. The Speaker of the House , the House minority leader, and the Senate majority and minority leaders often have frequent updates on foreign policy issues given to them by the President's staff people. They are often consulted for support or funding related to foreign policy. Committee chairs and high ranking minority members of the House and Senate committees are often asked for their opinions and views on foreign policy. Commonly included committees are the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Armed Services Committee. They have regular meetings about topics including policy and budget (Kurtz, 649, 2020). Explain classic schools of thought on U.S. foreign policy. Classic schools of thought on US foreign policy include, "isolationism, the idealism versus realism debate, liberal internationalism, hard versus soft power, and the grand strategy of U.S. foreign policy" (Kurtz, 650, 2020). Isolationism is when a country keeps to itself. This policy avoids engaging in any issues with other countries. The opposite of isolationism is liberal internationalism. This policy advocates for the United States to proactively engage in foreign policy around the world. It regularly advocates for the creation of multinational organizations like the UN. These two policies play into the idealism versus realism debate. Liberal internationalists have to operate on a degree of idealism. This idealism says that countries will generally do "good", take care of one another, and operate fairly and peacefully. Realists believe that countries will typically act in their own self-interests and will always do what is best for them and them alone. Realists value a strong military and tight contracts with other countries that make it hard for these countries to get out of. Realists also have a place in liberal internationalism policies though because all agreements and policies have to be made with an emphasis one what is best for the United States, which is better done with a sense of caution (Kurtz, 650-651, 2020). Along with the realist versus idealist debate comes the hard versus soft power debate. Often soft power is seen to line up with liberal internationalist and idealist policies while hard power is in line with isolationist and realist ways of thinking. Soft power policies can be implemented, like when Nixon opened China for free trade in the 70's, but then pulled back like when many thought China was dominating the trading process with the United States. Hard power involves military strengthening and contracts, which those who mistrust other governments are more likely to support. Grand Strategy is often correlated to hard power because it involves employing all resources (even military) to advance national interests. Grand Strategy is demonstrated by the building of military bases in other countries following WWII (Kurtz, 651, 2020). If you were president and wanted to gather support for a new foreign policy initiative, which three U.S. foreign policy actors would you approach and why? I would gather the US trade representative, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the National Security Advisor. I would choose the US trade representative because my foreign policy would try not to center on military strength, but would definitely look to make some economic changes. I believe the US trade representative would be able to give me valuable insight into what the facts/figures on our current trading numbers are, what policies have and have not worked in the past, and where the trade economies of various countries I am interested in seem to be heading. This information would help me to decide countries I would want to develop agreements with, tariffs on, etc. I would include the Director of the Office of Management and Budget because logistically, I know that none of my foreign policy plans will be enacted without the money to do so. Have a realistic budget to present to Congress will be important for me to get my policies both supported and enacted. Finally, I would choose the National Security Advisor because they would be my right hand confidant on foreign policy issues. I would want to keep them close to the inside on all policies I am considering making and receive their feedback. I also know that every action I take will have some kind of consequence, and I think the National Security Advisor would be a good resource for me to use to examine the potential consequences of policies I am considering. The National Security Advisor will also be valuable in helping me to ensure that I pass policies that maintain the safety and success of the American public. What do you think is the most advantageous school of thought for the United States to follow in foreign policy in the future? Why? I think the best school of thought for the United States to follow in foreign policy is a hybrid approach. I think all of the foreign policy "schools of thought" have a sound degree of merit to them. The truth of the matter is that as in life, one set approach does not work with all people or all situations. Sometimes, it may be necessary to help facilitate peace between warring nations to eliminate potential global conflict (liberal internationalist). Other times, it may be best to back out and not risk the lives of American military members or the public (isolationist). Sometimes it may be best to focus on trade agreements with countries who have maintained positive relationships with us (soft power), while other times the establishments of strict contracts may be warranted with countries who have become domineering or abusive in trade policies (hard power). Thus, I think it is best to have the ability to change between and mash up different foreign policy approaches because we cannot predict what will happen in the future and need to be ready for anything. I think the best foreign policy school of thought is the one that keeps the public safe and the United States secure and profitable.

Through which channels can nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) formulate demands on, and lend support to, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)? Which channels are most effective? Use examples. Your submission should demonstrate both your knowledge of the course materials and your knowledge of the topic. It should be analytical in nature and explain your logic. Your answer should be between 1-2 pages long and be free from grammatical and proofreading errors. Please cite your sources using the reference list format within the Turabian style. For examples, please see the Turabian Quick Guide located under the resources link.Find attached lesson and all required reading.