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New Study Guide Indonesia Online.edited

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World Music Name__________________________
Study Guide: Indonesia
1. What does the term “gamelan” mean?
It is a traditional instrument ensemble of Indonesia and typically includes many bronze
percussion instruments.
2. The term laras refers to the tuning system in Javanese gamelan. What are the names of the
two systems and how many pitches do they have?
The two tuning systems in Javanese gamelan are the slendro and Pelog. In terms of pitches,
Pelog has a seven-note scale, while Slendro has a five-note scale.
3. What is colotomic structure and how is this utilized in gamelan music?
Colotomic structure is music organized into cycles and periodic functions. It is utilized in
gamelan music by marking off music into temporary units according to the entrance of a specific
instrument at a specific time.
4. Discuss the history and/or layering of religions that exist in Indonesia. What makes Bali
unique concerning religious development?
The layering of religions that exist in Indonesia includes mysticism, Buddhism, Islam, and
Hinduism. Bali is distinct in terms of religious development since the elite Hindu-Buddhists,
who determined to avoid the Islamic Kingdom of Mataram, influenced it. For this reason, the
society was stratified based on social classes and the higher classes left to remote parts of the
island where they continued living the Pre-indo-Javanese way.
5. What role do gamelan ensembles play in establishing and legitimizing royalty and power?
How does the Javanese bedhaya song and dance reflect this assertion of status?
Gamelan ensembles play an important role in legitimizing royalty and power because they
denote idolatry of the mid-1700s. As such, the spiritual power traditionally vested in the gamelan
translates into the power of their owners. The Javanese Bedhaya song reflects this assertation
since it originated from the kingship of music and dance.
6. What is wayang kulit? How long do these performances last? Who is the dalang, and what
important role does he play in maintaining history and culture?
Wayang kulit is a shadow puppet plays accompanied by gamelan and enact the epic Hindu
stories. The performances if this song last overnight. The dalang is a master puppeteer who has a
vast knowledge of Karawitan, the archaic language, and full contemporary dialects. They play an
essential role in maintaining history and culture since they act as a repository for spiritual and
historical information. They are always updated on social and political issues of the community.

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7. List ways in which the modern ensemble of Gong Kebyar is dramatically different from other
Balinese gamelan ensembles in both form and function.
Gong Kebyar starts with a loud and confident ensemble while traditional Balinese
gamelan starts with a normal solo on the tromping.
Keybar displays willful liveliness with dynamic contrasts accompanied by jerky
syncopations.
It incorporated dance with the performance where performers crouch to a similar level
with dancers.
8. What is Balinese kecak? How does the organization and performance of this style of music
mirror gamelan music? What Hindu epic is typically enacted during kecak performances?
Kecak is a form of Balinese dance and drama that was developed in1930. Just like the gamelan
music, which requires a large ensemble, the Kecak is performed by a group of men chanting
rapidly.
9. How does kecak differ from other Balinese trance rituals? What affected this development?
Kecak differs from other Balinese trance rituals in that it expresses the value of balance and
harmony while other Balinese trance rituals depict struggles of good and evil.
10. The ____barong______________ is another kind of Balinese trance ritual that has been
adapted for tourists. It represents the struggle between good (an awesome but benevolent lion)
and evil (a horrendous and malevolent witch).
11. How does popular gambus music reflect Middle Eastern origins in its instrumentation and
style?
The gambus music uses upbeat rhythms and vocal timbre that is easy for listeners to dance to
hence reflecting middle east origins.
12. ______Dangdutis____________ is a popular Indonesian music that is an extraordinary mix
of Western rock and Indian film songs.
13. How does the popular genre kroncong reflect colonial history in Indonesia? What is the
instrumentation of kroncong?
This genre dates back from the 16
th
to 17
th
century in the spice-growing areas of Indonesia hence
colonial Indonesia. Besides, the ethnic communities maintained the Portuguese aspect of fork
music, which later evolved to the Kroncong in Indonesia. The instrumentation used in this genre
are flutes, violin, cello, and other stringed instruments.
14. List ways in which the performance of kroncong and gamelan are similar, even though the
instrumentation is quite different.
In both Kroncong and gamelan, both violin and flute have different roles as the suling and rebab.
Cellos rhythms resemble the kendang plate patters.

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World Music Name__________________________ Study Guide: Indonesia 1. What does the term “gamelan” mean? It is a traditional instrument ensemble of Indonesia and typically includes many bronze percussion instruments. 2. The term laras refers to the tuning system in Javanese gamelan. What are the names of the two systems and how many pitches do they have? The two tuning systems in Javanese gamelan are the slendro and Pelog. In terms of pitches, Pelog has a seven-note scale, while Slendro has a five-note scale. 3. What is colotomic structure and how is this utilized in gamelan music? Colotomic structure is music organized into cycles and periodic functions. It is utilized in gamelan music by marking off music into temporary units according to the entrance of a specific instrument at a specific time. 4. Discuss the history and/or layering of religions that exist in Indonesia. What mak ...
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