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Immunology exam questions with explanations for grads

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Immunology Questions with Explanation for Grads
Chapter 1 Overview of the immune system
Chapter 2 Innate immunity
Chapter 3 Adaptive immunity
Chapter 4 Immunogens and antigens
Chapter 5 Antibody structure and function
Chapter 6 Antigen-antibody interactions, immune assays, and experimental systems
Chapter 1 Overview of the immune system
1. The formation of memory immune responses is the objective of
vaccination. Immunological memory is predominantly the function of
which of the following?
a. the complement system.
b. cells bearing pattern-recognition receptor molecules.
c. cells of the adaptive immune system.
d. molecules comprising the chemical barrier.
Well done, you have selected the right answer.
Answer: c. The cells of the adaptive immune system are T- and B-cell lymphocytes. These are
antigen-specific and respond with proliferation (expansion) in response to their antigen. These form
an expanded reservoir of long-lived cells with “memory” for the antigen. Complement and molecules
of the chemical barrier are all without antigen specificity. Cells with pattern-recognition receptors
react broadly to pathogens and do not generate memory.
2. When a child encounters a foreign organism (e.g., streptococcus) for
the first time, he or she can respond with a humoral immune response
specific for that organism. This is because of which of the following?
a. The antigens of the organism instruct unformed antibodies to take shape complementary to
them.
b. The antigens of the organism stimulate clonal expansion of preexisting B cells with receptors
specific for the antigens.

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c. The organism is phagocytosed by macrophages and neutrophils.
d. The organism binds to pattern-recognition molecules on B cells.
Answer: b. This is the clonal selection theory, which applies to both B cells, which produce antibodies,
and T cells, which produce cytokines or initiate cytotoxic mechanisms, all in response to specific
antigen recognized by the cell's antigen-specific receptor. This theory has been proven to be correct,
ending the debate between it and the instructional hypothesis (choice a). Although choice c is itself a
correct statement, it is not related to the question.
3. When a woman whose blood type is Rh negative is pregnant, she is
given rho immune globulin to prevent sensitization to an Rh positive
fetus. This is an example of which of the following? [Questions 35 are
linked]
a. passive immunization.
b. active immunization.
c. adaptive immunity.
d. innate immunity.
No Explanation is available for this question.
4. A child is scratched by a bat. Because of the risk of rabies, the child
is immediately given human rabies immune globulin. This is an
example of which of the following?
a. passive immunization.
b. active immunization.
c. adaptive immunity.
d. innate immunity.
Answer: a. 3 and 4: The objective of passive immunity, giving progenerated antigen-specific
antibodies, is to eliminate the stimulating antigen quickly by providing the specific antibodies. This
may be used (somewhat rarely) to quickly control an infection for which vaccination is unavailable or
not administered on a routine basis, as in question 4, or to prevent sensitization, as in the case of
Rh disparate pregnancies (question 3). In the latter instance the objective is to prevent an adaptive
immune response from developing in the pregnant woman by eliminating the stimulus rapidly.
5. The child described in question 4 is also given rabies vaccine in a
series of four intramuscular injections on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. The
objective is for the child to generate which of the following?

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Immunology Questions with Explanation for Grads • Chapter 1 Overview of the immune system • Chapter 2 Innate immunity • Chapter 3 Adaptive immunity • Chapter 4 Immunogens and antigens • Chapter 5 Antibody structure and function • Chapter 6 Antigen-antibody interactions, immune assays, and experimental systems • Chapter 1 Overview of the immune system 1. The formation of memory immune responses is the objective of vaccination. Immunological memory is predominantly the function of which of the following? a. the complement system. b. cells bearing pattern-recognition receptor molecules. c. cells of the adaptive immune system. d. molecules comprising the chemical barrier. Well done, you have selected the right answer. Answer: c. The cells of the adaptive immune system are T- and B-cell lymphocytes. These are antigen-specific and respond with proliferation (expansion) in response to their antigen. These form an expanded reservoir of long-lived cells with “memory” for the antigen. Complement and molecules of the chemical barrier are all without antigen specificity. Cells with pattern-recognition receptors react broadly to pathogens and do not generate memory. 2. When a child encounters a foreign organism (e.g., streptococcus) for the first time, he or she can respond with a humoral immune response specific for that organism. This is because of which of the following? a. The antigens of the organism instruct unformed antibodies to take shape compleme ...
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