2. Every time baby Anthony wants milk, he points to the refrigerator and says, “muh-luh!” In this case, “muh-luh!” is an example of a passive vocabulary word. protoword. phoneme. holophrase.3. Because Sharon does not want to seem too needy, she only responds to every third text message she receives from Jamal. In doing so, she has placed Jamal on a _____ schedule of reinforcement. variable-interval fixed-interval variable-ratio fixed-ratio4. Which of these is an example of a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement? Your favorite team wins 60% of its games. A slot machine pays off at 3:30, 4:30, 6:30, and 10:00 every day. You are paid every 2 weeks. You are paid for every 10 newspapers you deliver.5. Harry was raised by parents who encouraged him to “change the world.” Harry believed in his ability to do so, and now is the mayor of his town. Harry’s story reflects which three elements of triadic reciprocal determinism? Person, language, and action Person, authority, and environment Person, action, and environment Language, action, and environment6.Gus notices that the school bully is very popular, so Gus begins bullying students as well. Gus’s imitative behavior is best explained by the _____ effect. eliciting modeling inhibitory disinhibitory7. Kelly always asks her dog, “Wanna go for a walk?” before taking him for a walk. When she says this, the dog wags his tail and runs to Kelly. In this scenario, “Wanna go for a walk?” is a(n) conditioned stimulus. conditioned response. unconditioned response. unconditioned stimulus.8.When baby Frances says, “daaa,” her father says, “Yes, I’m daddy!” Eventually, thanks to her father’s continuous reinforcement, Frances will finally say “daddy.” This gradual development of language is known as nativism. the language acquisition device. emergentism. interactionist theory.9.____ is a primary reinforcer, and ____ is a secondary reinforcer. Applause; sleep Sex; money Money; drink Praise; food10.A peanut is placed in the bottom of a tube in a chimpanzee’s cage. The chimpanzee cannot reach the peanut or manipulate the tube. After trying unsuccessfully to reach in the tube, the chimpanzee suddenly runs to a drinking tube, fills his mouth with water, and spits in the tube until the peanut rises to a reachable level. The chimpanzee has solved this problem through ( negative reinforcement. insight. observational learning. shaping.11.Which statement about physical punishment is TRUE? It can change a child’s feelings about the punisher. It presents a guide for desirable behavior. It is more effective than reinforcement. It improves adjustment and behavior later in life.12. Rick loses his driver’s license after being arrested for driving while intoxicated. This is an example ofnegative punishment. positive reinforcement. negative reinforcement. positive punishment.13. Which of the following pairs is an important element of behavioristic theories? Anticipation and imagination Stimuli and responses Attention and problem solving Thoughts and perceptions14. Pedro cleans his room to make his mother stop nagging him. This is an example of negative reinforcement. positive punishment. negative punishment. positive reinforcement.15. As a result of John Watson’s conditioning techniques, Little Albert was frightened not only of a white rat, but also of rabbits, fur coats, and Santa Claus’s beard. These fears illustrate spontaneous recovery. shaping. stimulus generalization. stimulus discrimination.16. Event-related potential illustrates _____, while event-related fields illustrate _____. memory of numbers; memory of words changes resulting from electrical activity in the brain; electrical activity in the brain memory of words; memory of number Electrical activity in the brain; changes resulting from electrical activity in the brain.17.Arthur is given a list of random words, including tiger, suitcase, and bananato remember. He remembers each word by mentally “placing” it somewhere in his bedroom. He imagines a tiger on his bed, a suitcase on a chair, and a banana on a nightstand. Arthur is using the _____ method of remembering. acronym loci link phonetic18. Which of the following is an example of a three-letter stimulus used by Ebbinghaus in his study of working memory? gur rug nfl cat19. Jenny and Fernando have just come back from vacationing in Florida. When they tell their friends about the vacation, they may have different memories of the same experiences, but both are using _____ memory. sensory autobiographical semantic implicit20. You are one of seven finalists for a job. Because of the primacy effect, you know that you will make the biggest impression if you are the _____ person interviewed. fifth first third seventh21. Dizygotic twins are the result of fertilization by one sperm of two eggs. also known as fraternal twins. the result of fertilization by one sperm of one egg. also known as identical twins.22._____ is an encoding technique that works best if distributed over days rather than hours. Imagery Organization Elaboration Rehearsal23 In Sperling’s classic study of sensory memory, participants recalled an average of approximately _____ of a set of 12 letters. However, reporting only a random portion of the letters revealed that the full capacity sensory memory is closer to _____ of the entire set. 10%; 45% 5%; 25% 35%; 75% 50%; 95%24. Which of the following is NOT a component of the triarchic theory of successful intelligence? Kinesthetic abilities Practical abilities Creative abilities Analytical abilities25. Janice, who supervises 100 employees, learned Robby’s name because of Robby’s red tie. In fact, Janice thinks of him as “Robby Red Tie.” When Robby stops wearing his red tie, Janice has trouble remembering Robby’s name. This forgetting is due to distortion. retroactive interference. proactive interference. retrieval cue failure.26. Your teacher reads a list of 12 words, and then asks you to say, in any order, as many of them as you can remember. Your teacher is testing your paired associate learning. cued recall. free recall. serial recall.27. Working memory is limited to approximately _____ items. nine seven five three28. Which of the following summarizes the Flynn effect? IQ has been steadily decreasing in the United States but increasing throughout the rest of the world. IQ throughout the world has been decreasing approximately 3 points per decade. IQ throughout the world has been increasing approximately 3 points per decade. IQ has been steadily increasing in the United States but decreasing in Europe.29. The belief that intelligence can improve through work and effort is known as _____ theory. distortion entity fading incremental30. Vincent has been a football coach at Faber College since 1990. Recently, all the players on the 1990 team visited him to honor his time at the school. Because Vincent has coached so many other players since then, he has trouble remembering all the names of the players from 1990. His forgetting is due to proactive interference. retroactive interference. retrieval cue failure. distortion.

Explain two of the six criteria for policy prescription, (a) effectiveness, (b) efficiency, (c) adequacy, (d) equity, (e) responsiveness, and (f) appropriateness. Then, describe a real or hypothetical public policy issue and select which of the two criteria you believe would be the most beneficial to use in deciding a policy. Provide at least two reasons for your selection. Debate It: Take a position for or against the following statement: Rational choice is not possible. Discuss how different types of rationality are related to different criteria for prescription. Provide at least two reasons and two examples to support your response.

Based on your reading from class and Jerold Panas' book, prepare a major donor profileand a fundraising scenario you would use to approach this individual for a contribution.