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Final Database Design Document.doc

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I have attached 2 documents that are needed to complete the below assignment.  It is only for a guide and does not have to be attached to the completed assignment.

Part 1

Create a Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation that summarizes what you have learned as you developed your database application. Include the following topics on separate slides:

• Describe the process that you followed. Include your process for developing the ERD and logical database design, creating the tables, forms, menus, and queries, etc.

• Identify and describe those elements of the project that worked well for you

• Identify and describe those areas of the project where you encountered issues

• Identify and describe steps that you would do differently if you were doing this project again.


Part 2

Capstone Discussion Question

Please post a 150-300-word response to the following discussion question by clicking on Reply.

How did the database design document help you in creating your final database project?



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Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 Associate Program Material Appendix B IT/260 Database Design Document Final Database Design Document Prepared By: Shatonya Jimmerson Date Modified: May 19, 2014 Week: 9th 1 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 Part 1: Introduction (due Week in Two) a) Application Summary In the week one assignment, I chose a gift shop inventory. In a given business entity, the databases is made up of a number of areas that include the point of sale, accounting and inventory control. In the case of the gift shop inventory, the database is going to contain search results, financial information, inventory catalogue, customer profile and any other relevant information. The concrete relational data model is relating to the database schema which is going to be optimized within storage, however, not specifically for the data that is being used with the system. b) Database Software In the week one assignment, I chose a gift shop inventory. In a given business entity, the databases is made up of a number of areas that include the point of sale, accounting and inventory control. In the case of the gift shop inventory, the database is going to contain search results, financial information, inventory catalogue, customer profile and any other relevant information. The concrete relational data model is relating to the database schema which is going to be optimized within storage, however, not specifically for the data that is being used with the system. c) Database Design Elements 2 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 There are four basic components of design that I will use in this database application. The first element of design that I will use are tables. The main use of tables is to store values and are defined based on the set of columns. Every row in a table is unique according to the relation echoed by the table. In addition, a table is made of columns with every column containing unique values. The second element of design that I will use is relationships and they are meant to identify related data. The third element of design that I will use is normalization and this is a process in which all the tables and fields are organized to reduce incidences of data redundancy. The final basic component of design that I will use is observing general integrity rules. This incorporates testing all the areas of the database to ensure that they are working accordingly. Part 2: Database Design (due in Week Three) a) Entities and Attributes There are four basic components of design that I will use in this database application. The first element of design that I will use are tables. The main use of tables is to store values and are defined based on the set of columns. Every row in a table is unique according to the relation echoed by the table. In addition, a table is made of columns with every column containing unique values. The second element of design that I will use is relationships and they are meant to identify related data. The third element of design that I will use is normalization and this is a process in which all the tables and fields are organized to reduce incidences of data redundancy. The final basic component of design that I will use is observing general integrity rules. This incorporates testing all the areas of the database to ensure that they are working accordingly. 3 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 b) Normalization Normalization table Brand of the Product name Product size Product color Supplier of the Name of the Telephone of the Email address Particular supplier supplier of the supplier Manufacturer of Telephone The name of the The physical the product number of the manufacturer address of the product products manufacturer Product Product i.d manufacturer Product code Product price Part 3: Relationships, Components, Features, and Requirements (due in Week Four) Before the creation of a database the filing system was so popular. It however led to a lot of redundancy thus was so hard to update the records is it is the case while making use of a database. A database thus helped centralize all activities thus enhance on speed as well as control. The administrator thus exercised his administrative rights and to some extend safeguarded the data. While much may have been derived from its application some rarely know or perhaps have an in depth understanding on what exactly happens in such systems. 4 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 Before the actual creation of a database conceptualization in done to arrive at the actual system functionality though abstract. It’s however developed while limiting the likelihood of it never arriving at the intended solution which in this case aims at accuracy. a) Define what an ERD is and why it is important as a tool in the database design process. This refers to entity relation diagrams; during conceptualization entity relation diagrams are used while crafting the model. They show the interrelationship within the database. Several tools are used during this process such as the case tools owing to their ability to enhance the creation process within a short span of time. It also leads to accuracy and can as well show all the relationships held by the various entities created. This thus limits wastage of resource during conceptualization. b) Entity-Relationship Diagram Assume the key attribute forward and patient are Ward_Name and Patient_No respectively. Ward Patients Assigned to WARD TABLE 5 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 WARD_NAME LONGONOT TANA ELGON KIRINYAGA PATIENT TABLE PATIENT_NO 1294 1201 1301 1152 1350 WARD_TYPE ORTHOPAEDIC CARDIAC MENTAL ORTHOPAEDIC PATIENT_NAME JAMES MARY CAROL TED SMITH WARD_NAME ELGON LONGONOT LONGONOT TANA KIRINYAGA c) Components and Features A component is a part of a system able to function on its own; for an entire system to work, components are interlinked to limit isolation. They thus need to be connected to facilitate this. One of the features considered is accuracy as well as speed. The system developed ought to be user friendly to facilitate this without which time can be wasted. People should as well access data with ease. Part 4: Queries and Forms (due in Week Five) a) Queries Data is stored and retrieved in an orderly manner according to a specific database model. There are ways of linking database, the common one being relational database model and others include network model and hierarchical model. These modes form the basis upon which retrieval of information is determined. A data base management system is software used to organize, store and retrieve data according to the inputted command. In order to 6 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 create a complete chain of command the data base system is grouped according to the model in which they support. The chosen model then determines the query languages present in the system in order to make it possible to access the database, this makes it possible to determine data retrieval which is then used in making decisions in a business. Queries are used to quickly access specific information from the database by determining whether it meets a specific criteria entered by the user who is retrieving data using a database management system, which keeps records of constant aspects of the database such as in a hospital it may include the in and out patients. There are two types of queries select query that only allows the user to retrieve data whereas the action query allows the user to retrieve data and use it to perform various tasks such as creating tables, update data or add data to existing tables. There are several types of information that should be retrieved from the database .The basic information which give details such as name, address and foundation date and the location if necessary. Provision and utilization that gives information about the already existing amenities such as in a hospital it may give new in and out patients. Information about income shows the flow of cash within a system. Expenditure is crucial information in determining the rate at which income is changing and keeping track of spending. They include records which are derived from the input and are stored in the database, inverted file, index and register of the database. Structured text information is retrieved especially where the length of records and fields is long and when some fields are multivalued. b) Forms 7 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 Forms are described as data entry screens because they allow the user to work with data and often contain command buttons. Forms are often used in viewing, editing and entering data in tables .The user can add buttons which are linked to other forms or reports or used perform other tasks. Forms are important in controlling interactivity between users and database and also ensure that information is correctly filled and protected. Menus make it easier for users to know the possible answers they are expected to fill in a form and also make the process more interactive. Forms make it possible and easy to update the database instead of having to work with tables which take time and often prone to errors .Making the form more attractive and as the introductory field in a data base will make it easily accessible especially for users that are not professions in data base applications. Forms save on time and their incorporation into the data base application increase interactivity to the user who is inputting data into the system. Making the forms more user friendly will have helped the customers such as in a hospital patients may be allowed to fill their own data base at their convenient and save on having a profession fill tables which are boring and time consuming .Menus ensure that the data collected is standardized and this makes it easy in the retrieval of information especially using queries that use IDs. Part 5: Testing and Implementation Plan (due in Week Seven) a) Testing Plan Database testing is a very critical stage in the software implementation process. It involves subjecting the database to various situations it could experience during usage to ensure 8 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 that it is able to meet the requirements adequately. The first step is creating a list of the database requirements. After this, the requirements are broken down into simpler features which can then be individually tested. Both the technical and non-technical aspects of the database are subjected to different tests. The various tests are: • • • • • • Logical database design test- this involves reviewing the logical representation of data in the database. I will also check structure of the tables and verify that I have set up the relationships between the database entities correctly as per the database design. Database performance – this involves obtaining statistical measures of various aspects of the database’s performance. I will measure the database throughput and response time. I will try to retrieve a moderately large amount of data from the database to measure how much data can be retrieved from it. I will also try simultaneous retrieval by multiple users to assess whether the throughput is able to handle such situations. In addition, I will measure the time it takes to connect to the database and communicate with it to see whether the response time and latencies are within acceptable levels. Database objects – This step involves testing of the various functions and procedures written into the database. I will run each procedure individually to ensure it functions as it should and returns the correct values. In addition, I will run all the queries that will be used with the database to confirm that the results returned are correct. This part will make me aware of any vital queries that may be required I could have overlooked. Constraints – this involves assessing the database’s ability to identify and deal with invalid data. I will ensure that all fields have data type restrictions to reject input of invalid data. I will then try feeding invalid data into each field to see whether it will be rejected. Database security – database security testing is very important as it ensures that the data is stored safely. I will test the access rights of each database user to see whether they have the rights they require without being able to access unauthorized data from the database. Data integrity – this involves verifying the quality of the data stored in the database. I will assess the data to ensure it is correct and does not contain invalid or incorrect components. I will also ensure that the data is stored in the correct manner to mitigate the risk of data corruption. 9 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 b) Implementation Plan Database implementation is the setting up of the database for use by the end users. The steps to be taken during database implementation are: • • • • • Considering the infrastructural considerations of the database system. I will ensure that the computer on which the database will be hosted on meets the minimum system requirements. I will also consider the storage space available to confirm that it is adequate for the system and will not be filled up. Cleaning up of data. I will analyze the data to be stored in the database to ensure that it is correct before transferring it into the main database. I will verify its accuracy, eliminate any duplication that may be present and remove any invalid entries such as empty records. Data migration. This is the actual transfer of the data into the database. Depending on the data and end user requirements, the data importation may be done automatically or manually. For automatic data migration, I will write a query that imports the data from an external source and put each element in the correct field and record of the correct table. End user training. This involves equipping the users of the database with the skills and information they need to use the system. I will schedule intensive training for the system administrators to ensure they will be comfortable handling any exceptional situation that may come up under their watch. The end user training will be less technical and geared towards enabling them to use the database in the most efficient way depending on their roles. Based on the client, this could require training of ‘in-house trainers’ who will then be able to transfer this knowledge to their colleagues. Database rollout. This is the stage where the newly developed database system starts to be used. The rollout can either be phased, parallel or based on a switch over. For a phased rollout, the client will begin using a few features of the database system initially. The other features will then start being used progressively till the entire system is in use. A parallel rollout involves using both the old and new system at the same time before the users get used to it. The advantage of this method is that it provides for a backup in case problems arise with the new system. A switchover rollout involves moving from the old system to the new one completely on a specified date. This is usually done in cases where there are high levels of confidence in the new system. 10 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 Part 6: File Maintenance and Storage Plan (due in Week Eight) a) File Maintenance and Storage Plan My file maintenance and storage plan is aimed at ensuring the consistency, integrity and perpetual availability of the data. The most important component is data backup. I will set up the system to provide a regular backup schedule. If the client has adequate resources, I will provide for offsite backups for additional redundancy. I will also continually perform space allocation checks on the hard disk storing the database data. This is to keep it from getting full unexpectedly, which could crash the database application or corrupt some of the data by overwriting. In addition, I will schedule regular index rebuilding to defragment the data, improving integrity and consistency. Index rebuilding also improves database performance. 11 Appendix B IT/260 Version 3 Reference The Entity-Relationship Model (2012): Toward a Unified View of Data." Peter P.S. Chen. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. (2009) " E.F. Codd. Communications of the ACM, Carlos Coronel. (Cengage Learning). Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management. Retrieved from Carlos Coronel, IT/260 website. Corbet, J., Rubini, A., & Kroah-Hartman, G. (2005, 2001, 1998). LINUX DEVICE DRIVERS (2nd ed.). Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/book_04 _01.asp. 12
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