DQ#1 ResearchLucinda RHello Professor, Research is a way to find out detailed facts about unanswered concerns in which one is trying to discover facts. A disadvantage of correlation research is that if not careful, an unmeasured variable can influence the results (Whitbourne, 2020). The disadvantage, Correlation research can only reveal a relationship of the hypothesis because it does not guarantee that the result determines the outcome. Correlation design seeks to explore the relationships that exist between variables that they can not experimentally manipulate (Whitbourne, 2020). The advantage of correlational research is that it allows researchers to collect much more data than experiments. When conducting research on clients with psychological disorders, this writer finds that the method she would use largely depends upon the setting she is conducting research in. This writer would prefer to use a survey as a research method. According to Whitbourne (2020), surveys are a research tool that is used to gather information from a particular population of the same representation where participants are asked to answer questions about a particular topic of concern. Reference:Whitbourne, S. K. (2020). Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders (9thed). McGraw Hill. ISBN 9781260500196Korinn TAccording to Whitbourne, Correlation Design is a study in which researchers test the relationships between variables that they cannot experimentally manipulate (2020). In a positive correlation all scores increase, while in a negative correlation one score increases while the other decreases. Sometimes there is no correlation between two variables or scores, but it doesn’t exactly mean that one variable causes another. It simply means that the two variables are associated somehow. However, the defining feature of correlational research is that the two variables are measured, not manipulated, and this is true regardless of whether the variables are quantitative or categorical (Chiang et. al., 2015). This writer found it interesting that correlation research only uncovers a relationship but it cannot provide a conclusive reason for why there's a relationship (Quizlet, n.d.). One disadvantage of correlational research is that a correlational relationship between two variables is occasionally the result of an outside source, so we have to be careful and remember that correlation does not necessarily tell us about cause and effect (SWOC, n.d.). While correlation design can help identify connections amongst variables, it cannot create data or determine which variable is responsible for influencing the other. Another downfall of correlation design is that it can be very time consuming and there is a risk for interference from other extraneous variables (Gaille, 2020). An advantage of Correlation Designs is how it allows researchers to determine the strength and direction of a relationship so that later studies can narrow the findings down and, if possible, determine causation experimentally (Quizlet, n.d.). Correlational research allows researchers to collect much more data than experiments, and there are two methods of data collection that can be utilized; naturalistic observation and/or archival data. Correlational Design results can be very applicable to daily functioning as well as helping determine the direction and strength of each relationship (Gaille, 2020).As a future human services professional, this writer would likely be most comfortable and effective in utilizing Surveys and/or Case Studies when working with a client diagnosed with a psychological disorder. A Survey is research tool used to gather information from a sample of people considered representative of a particular population, in which participants are asked to answer questions about the topic of concern (Whitbourne, 2020). This writer would likely utilize surveys across a variety of psychological disorders in order to possible group diagnosis, symptoms, psychosocial stressors, or environmental factors together and attempt to identify patterns. A Case Study is when a therapist studies and describes the cases of members of a family who share the same unusual disorder (Whitbourne, 2020). This method can give the therapist an opportunity to study closely, observe, and report on a possibly rare case or to record how the disorder may have changed over the course of treatment. ReferencesChiang, I.; Jhangiani, R.; P. Price. (2015). Correlational Research. In 1240637195 920363027, Research methods in psychology, 2nd Canadian Edition (p. Chapter 7). BCcampus. Gaille, L. (2020, January 17). 12 advantages and disadvantages Of CORRELATIONAL research studies. Retrieved March 10, 2021, from https://vittana.org/12-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-correlational-research-studiesSouth Wales Orienteering Club, (SWOC). (n.d.). LIMITATIONS OF CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH. Retrieved March 10, 2021, from https://swoc.org.uk/phtje6/a7c4c3-limitations-of-correlational-researchWhitbourne, S. K. (2020). Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders (9thed). McGraw Hill. ISBN 9781260500196DQ#2 Etiology of Abnormal BehaviorTanya W Hello Professor and classThere are many etiologies regarding abnormal behavior. This writer feels there are parts of several etiologies this author agrees with and does notagree with. This author mostly agrees with the cognitive model which describes abnormal behavior to be rooted in how people think and perceivethe world (Range,2014). This includes misinterpreting one's experience and intent of others (Range, 2014). Human beingsare seen as thinking organisms and abnormal behavior comes from individuals that have unrealistic or false assumptions about an experience (Range, 2014). An example of this could be someone who lost their home. One person may be able to stay with a family member or friend and think nothing of the issue. Another person may not have any one to help them and lash out and become angry which may lead to anxiety. It is not the event that occurred that supports the anxiety it is what the person believed about the event. The irrational thought caused the abnormal behavior (Range,2014). Drawing conclusion out of context is also seen in the cognitive model (Range,2014). This author feels that this has been seen when trying to convey information to a consumer and they take it as you are trying to be negative or respond to the information negatively because of how they perceived it. Overgeneralizing and dwelling on the negative when there is positive to think about are cognitive distortions seen in the cognitive model (Range, 2014). This author has experience consumers take one small negative incident and apply it to other areas of their life where it does not apply or feel that they are going to have the same result from that issue no matter how much effort they put into it. Maladaptivethinking is seen as the cause of abnormal behavior is the cognitive model has been criticizedor paying too much attention to the cognitive process and not enough attention on the root cause (Range, 2014). Reference Range, L. M. (2014). Abnormal psychology. Salem Press Encyclopedia ofHealth.https://postu.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=prodbb&url=h... Darren EHello class and ProfessorWhen discussing the etiologies of abnormal behaviors the cause of abnormal behavior that the writer most agree with isthe behavioral model. The writer believes that for the most part people behaviors are molded from what they learn within their environment, whether it is a result of a positive consequence or a negative consequence. Some lessons are directly taught to theindividual, then some times it can come from what that person see happening to others in their environment. According to Range, L.M. (2014) states that American pyschologists John Watson and B.F.Skinner-- emphasizes the role of environment in developing abnormal behavior. According to this model, people develop abnormal behavior in the same ways they develop normalbehavior, by learning from positive and negative consequences they either experience directly or observe happening to someone else. What things may mean to them, expectations, values, and role models further influence what they are being taught. In the behavioral model a person engaging in abnormal behavior has a different reinforcement history from that of others (Range, L.M., 2014). The reinforcement can come from people places or things to help keep a person focused and motivated to stay on their path of a developing a positive lifestyle. According to Range, L.M., (2014) states that behavioral model advocates a careful investigation of theenvironmental conditions in which people display abnormal behavior. Some scientist search for factors that reinforce or encouragethe repetition of abnormal behaviors. It helped people to realize how their fears become associated with specific situations and therole that reinforcement plays in the origin and maintenance of inappropriate behaviors. However, this model ignores the evidence ofgenetic and biological factors playing a role in some disorders. The argue to this model is that some feel like we as humans have theability to make choices from "free will" (Range, L.M., 2014). Abnormal behvior can be caused by a variety of situations in a person'slife. For example, a person can be molested as a child and grow up becoming the molester, or people can suffer from a traumatic eventthat has them scarred for the rest of their life, which effects their behvavior. According to Page, J.D., (1947) states that there are many varieties of mental deficiencies,psychoneuroses, psychoses, and antisocial personalities, and each varities tends to have an independent etiology. It is not a question of what is the cause of mental deficiency, psychoneuroses, psychosis, and anti behavior, but rather what is the cause of each specificclinical type included under these general headings (Page, J.D., 1947). What the writer like about the behavioral model of abnormal behavior is the fact that before we reach the age where we realize we have choices, our behaviors are develops from what we learn. ReferencesPage, J.D. (1947). General causes of abnormal behaviors. APA PsycNet. https://www.psycnet.apa.orgRange, L. M. (2014). Abnormal psychology. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health. https://postu.idm.oclc.org/login?auth=prodbb&url=http://search.ebscohost.com.postu.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=93872177&site=eds-live&scope=site DQ#3 StigmaDarren EHello class and ProfessorStigma can be very hurtful in many ways. People who suffer from psychological problems in their life, already have andisadvantage in life and being accepted by others in society, and not being judged for their disorder. APA, (2020) states thatstigma, prejudice and discrimination against people with mental illness can be subtle or it can be obvious--but no matter the magnitude, it can lead to harm. People with mental illness are marginalized and discriminated against in various ways, butunderstanding what that looks like and how to address and eradicate it can help. When society lack the education needed to understand exactly what mental illness mean and the effect it has on people, including their loveones people will place stigma on those who suffer from psychological problems out of ignorance to the fact. This has been happenong for many, many years.During research the APA, (2020) found different types of stigma, the first being public stigma-involves the negative or discriminatoryattitudes that others have about mental illness, self stigma-when the negative attitudes, including internalized shame, that people with mental illness have about their own condition, and institutional stigma-involving policies of government and privateorganizations that intentionally or unintentionally limit opportunities for people with mental illness.In the past years when mentall illness first became recognized in the world, society viewed people with mental illnesses asbeing different than the rest of society and calling them names like, retarted, crazy, insane, sick, and hospitals would throw themin assylums away from society while pumping them full of medication that made their appearance look different than everyoneelse in society. People would rather label those with a mental health disorder instead of learning about the problem and helpingto get into the solution. According to Corrigan & Watson, (2002) states that many people with serious mental illness are challenged doubly. On one hand, they struggle with the sysmptoms and disabilities that result from the disease. On the other hand, they are challenged by the stereotypes and prejudice that results from misconceptionsabout mental illness.. As a result of both, people with mental illness are robbed of the opportunities that define a quality life: good jobs, safe housing, satisfactory health care, and affilitiation with a diverse group of people. People in society has learned and adopted the old idea that having a mental illness is like being cursed, or having some type of contagious disease. This makes people label that group of people which makes people in that group believe they are what they are being called. No matter where the stigma is coming from it can decrease with education. This can help society to see people as people and not a label. As a human service worker the writer would take time to educate my clients about their condition and how people in society will say hurful things about them out of ignorance. Teach them different techniques to use to overlook and be better than the people who are being ignorant. Helping them to realize they are just as importantas anyone else in the world. Getting the clients to realize that they can't control what other people think say or do, but they do have control over how they react to it. This is a good start to help the clients to stay focused and motivated on their process of change. Reference:American Psychiatric Association, (2020). Stigma,prejudice, and discrimination against people with mental illness. www.psychiatry.orgCorrigan, P. & Watson, A., (2002). Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govKevin SStigma, in any sense, has a negative connotation. Stigma is inevitably linked to people suffering from psychological disorders. It’s a label that may put people in the vicious circle of considering them as different from others. Some people, due to their ability, may resist stigma. However, many others maystart considering themselves as defective. This thinking may worsen their condition, and hence, tends to isolate them from mainstream society. Isolation and perceived negativity may lead to the development of other related health issues like anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, etc (Whitbourne, 2020). Unfortunately, stigma is still prevalent in today’s society. People with stigmatic attitudes often fail to understand the adverse impacts of psychological disorders. These impacts may be social discomfort, bullying, prejudice, and discrimination in various spheres of life (Young, Goldberg, Struthers, McCann, & Phills, 2019). The issue perpetuates because public stigma typically leads to self-stigma, wherein the patient feels stigmatic and ashamed from within because of hardships and sufferings. Many people with psychological disorders are connotated as violent and dangerous (Whitbourne, 2020). Such perceptions are further escalated by negative mass media representations. Myths and information presented with inaccuracies could perpetuate stigmatic attitudes among people. For instance, many movies depictvillains as mentally ill people. Such portrayals lead to social discrimination towards people having psychological disorders (Young, Goldberg, Struthers, McCann, & Phills, 2019). It is also furthered by language and humor that portray disorder in a negative light. This cumulatively develops hatred and social discrimination towards individuals having psychological disorders. As a result, they are not given equal importance at workplaces and other spheres. Thus, stigma is an unacceptable addition to the suffering of people. Lack of awareness evokes uneducated people to make fun of sensitive issues. Hence, the need of the hour is to make people aware and increase educational resources. Also, one should not spread myths about the disorders. A human service professional can play a critical role in mitigating instances of public and self-stigma. It requires working collaboratively with organizations like National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI) that provide crucial support and educational resources (Ahmedani, 2011). Additionally, it is imperative to voice out concerns and debunk the myths revolving around mental illness. For instance, one can tell others that schizophrenic people are not usually violent. The rights of affected people must be supported and advocated. Counselors can help such people to avoid self-stigma by providing mental health literacy and guiding them to understand the disorders and their related effects (Whitbourne, 2020). Clients must be encouraged to openly discuss any negative feelings if they possess. People who pass disgracing remarks about mentally ill patients must be treated with a no-tolerance policy. Eventually, it can be combated with increased awareness and education.ReferencesAhmedani, B. K. (2011). Mental health stigma: society, individuals, and the profession. Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, 8(2), 4-16.Whitbourne, S. K. (2020). Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspectives on psychological disorders (9th ed.). NY: McGraw-Hill Education.Young, R. E., Goldberg, J. O., Struthers, C. W., McCann, D., & Phills, C. E. (2019). The subtle side of stigma: Understanding and reducing mental illness stigma from a contemporary prejudice perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 75(3), 943–971.

Part 1 1.Which type of front produces the fastest rise of air? Group of answer choices occulded the all produce the same speed of air rising warm cold 2.Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following: Group of answer choices They may cross each other The numeric difference between two isolines is s always the same They represent gradations in a quantity They are always closed loops 3.Subtropical Highs are responsible for ________________. Group of answer choices deserts cloudy, stormy skies hurricanes tornadoes 4.As air rises, what happens? Group of answer choices air pressure increases air becomes warmer relative humidity increases relative humidity does not change 5.Most of the radiation that reaches the surface of the earth falls within which part of the electromagnetic spectrum? Group of answer choices visible light cosmic rays microwave x-rays 6.The cooling of air as it rises is called ______________. Group of answer choices lifting condensation level the adiabatic process dew point conduction 7.When was latitude discovered? Group of answer choices During World War 2 During the age of exploration 1700 By the ancient Greeks 8.Which of the following is not a map essential? Group of answer choices legend color title location 9.Where do the westerlies occur? Group of answer choices the midlatitudes the poles the equator along the prime meridian 10.North America's most expensive hurricane occurred where? Group of answer choices Galveston, Texas New Orleans, LA New York, NY Los Angeles, CA 11.Which of the following is not considered within the Earth's system of latitude and longitude? Group of answer choices 98 degrees north 15 degrees east 75 degrees south 172 degrees west 12.Which of the following is true about the Intertropical convergence zone? Group of answer choices It has high rainfall It is also known as the Westerlies The winds are predictable and powerful It is the area that the east and west winds meet It is an area of high pressure 13.The main factor that determines the distribution of annual average temperature is _______________. Group of answer choices latitude longitude altitude Land/Sea contrast 14.The energy source for hurricanes is _______________-. Group of answer choices thunderstorms the jet stream warm sea water cold fronts 15.In order to be classified as a hurricane, sustained wind speed must exceed ___________ miles per hour Group of answer choices 100 74 55 200 39 16.How would you know that a new air mass has passed over your location? Group of answer choices condensation occurs Humans cannot tell if a new air mass moves into an area a change in temperature the air becomes unstable 17.What does the adiabatic process cause? Group of answer choices solstices and equinoxes wind clouds and precipitation cold fronts 18.Which direction do the trade winds blow? Group of answer choices east to west west to east erraticaly north to south 19.When the Sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer, it is ________________. Group of answer choices September 21st June 21st January 1st March 21st 20.The 180 degree longitude line is also known as the _______________. Group of answer choices Equator Tropic of Cancer International Date Line Prime Meridian 21.The altitude at which rising air reaches the dew point is the _________________. Group of answer choices Lifting Condensation Level Precipitation Level Saturated Adiabatic Rate Orographic Lift 22.When the Sun's rays are directly overhead at the Equator it is ________________. Group of answer choices June 21st March 21st October 16th January 1st 23.Who solved the problem of longitude? Group of answer choices Eratosthenes Harrison Newton Ptolemy 24.23.5 degrees South is known as ________________. Group of answer choices The Equator The International Date Line The Topic of Capricorn The Prime Meridian For the next series of questions, you will use the map below. Just like a map of the real world, it includes latitude and longitude, a Prime Meridian and an Equator, a north arrow and a scale bar. using these resources and your knowledge of geography answer the questions to the best of your ability. A copy of the map you can resize or print can be found here: midterm map.png Note: My son was very excited to find this map after I was done drawing it. It includes references to many of his favorite things. 25.Which two hemispheres is Soichiville located in? 26.Which two hemispheres is Tayo Town located in? 27.What is the latitude and longitude of Mount Kaiju 28.What is the latitude and longitude of Tayo Town? 29.What is the latitude and longitude of Lightning Ridge? 30.What is the latitude and longitude of Lego Canyon? 31.How many miles is it from Soichiville to Dino Plains? 32.How many miles is it from McQueen City to Dino Plains? 33.How many miles is it from Koga to Ghost Town? 34.Timezones: Determine the answer using techniques learned n the class. If it is Wednesday 10pm at 120 E what time and day is it at 165 E? 35.Timezones: Determine the answer using techniques learned n the class. If it is Monday 4am at 30 E what time and day is it at 135 W? 36.Assume hat a parcel of air is forced to rise over a mountain. The air begins at 60 degrees F at sea level and the lifting condensation level is 4000 feet. The DAR is 5.5 degrees per 1000 feet and the SAR is 3.3 degrees per 1000 feet. What is the temperature at 2000 feet? 37.Assume hat a parcel of air is forced to rise over a mountain. The air begins at 60 degrees F at sea level and the lifting condensation level is 4000 feet. The DAR is 5.5 degrees per 1000 feet and the SAR is 3.3 degrees per 1000 feet. What is the temperature at 6000 feet? For the following questions, use the following image of Earth Sun Relations 38.Based on the lab exercise, what day of the year is pictured above? 39.Using the diagram above, which part of the earth is experiencing 24 hours of daylight? Be as specific as possible. 40.As which latitude does the suns rays perpendicular to the surface of the earth? 41.Which latitude in the diagram above experiences 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness? Part 2 Only __________ in __________ hurricanes ever strike the East Coast 2.What paths do hurricanes usually take? 3.How many days did the European model show Sandy hitting NYC? 4.How did the lack of the Bermuda High affect Sandy? 5.What pumps warm water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic 6.What happens to hurricanes once the move into cooler water? 7.How did the Nor'easter affect Sandy? 8.What word did newscasters come up with to describe the storm? 9.Why didn't New Yorkers obey the mandatory evacuations? 10. How did the "blocking high" addict Sandy? 11.What was unusual about the Jet Stream at the time? 12. What is storm surge? 13.How did geography play a role in increasing storm surge? 14. What record was set in Atlantic City? 15.How did social media play a role during the storm? 16.What was the death toll? 17. What influences the shape of the jet stream? 18.What have rising arctic temperatures caused? 19.Can we blame global warming on Sandy? Why/why not? 20.How did sea level affect Sandy? Part 3 Assume that a parcel of air is forced to rise over a 6000 foot high mountain. The initial temperature of the parcel at sea level is 76.5 degrees F. and the lifting condensation level is 3000 feet. The DAR is 5.5 degrees per 1000 feet and the SAR is 3.3 degrees per 1000 feet. Answer the following questions based on this information 1.What is the temperature of the air at 1000 feet? 2.What is the temperature of the air at 3000 feet? 3.What is the temperature of the air at 6000 feet? 4.After the parcel of air has descended down the leeward side of the mountain to sea level, what is the temperature of the parcel? 5.Why is the parcel now warmer than it was at sea level on the windward side?s 6.On the windward side of the mountain, is the relative humidity increasing or decreasing as the air rises from sea level to 3000 feet? Why? 7.On the leeward side of the mountain, is relative humidity increasing or decreasing as the air descends from 6000 feet to sea level? Why? 8.On the windward side of the mountain, should relative humidity change as the air rises from 3000 to 6000 feet? Why? 9.What is the lifting condensation level of this parcel after descending to sea level on the leeward side? Hint: Think about what the lifting condensation level represents and how the air could reach that state again. 10.These last questions are related to midlatitude cyclones. In a midlatitude cyclone, where would you expect to experience precipitation? 11.What atmospheric ranges would you expect to feel as a cold front passes by you? Part 4 Bonus Directions Research and find a credible map of a specific physical geography phenomena (from the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere or atmosphere).Post a new reply to this discussion board with the map (as an attached .doc, .pdf, or functioning web link), and citation. Examples of credible maps of a specific physical geography phenomena: Global Rain Forest Distribution (National Geographic 2013 http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/063/cache/map-world-rainforest_6367_600x450.jpg (Links to an external site.))Research the map pattern and process. Identify the geographic pattern(s) on the map.Identify the process in the map, and describe your hypothesis about what is specifically causing the pattern to occur and why? Identify a research question that you have after thinking about the pattern and processes in the map. Your TWO replies may include the following language: "The map shows_______ pattern." There seems to be a pattern on the map in these locations ___________." My hypothesis why that pattern would occur is ________________." After seeing this map I have the following research questions _________________." Global Distribution of Earthquakes: (Missouri University of Science and Technology, http://web.mst.edu/~sgao/g51/plo/0916_global_seismicity.jpg (Links to an external site.)) For your Response to at least 2 classmates Review several of your peers maps and then the posts in which to reply (in your own words, college level writing) with the following information: oYour Instructor will monitor the posts and replies and provide feedback using the detailed rubric below. Discussion Guidelines Read and respond to others' posts as well, keeping in mind some basic rules for netiquette: Be kind and respectful to othersUse full sentencesDon't use too much jargonTreat others online as you wish to be treated Use language that supports others Student 1: Student 2