Description
In the population growth model, what happens to the population size when the birth rate is much larger than the death rate?
a .It remains at equilibrium
B. It grows to K very quickly
C.It grows to K, but very slowly.
D..The population declines.
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Explanation & Answer
B. It grows to K very quickly
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For the term project, imagine yourself as a tour guide leading adults for three days anywhere on the planet where you can showcase and explore an area of Earth’s most interesting physical and cultural features and phenomenon. Please select one particular geographic region and become an expert of the area’s physical and cultural points of interest. On this three-day field excursion, indicate where you will go and why (i.e. how do sites you stop at relate to information within your textbook or topics covered in course lectures). Make sure that your trip provides a day-to-day scenario. In addition to describing the sites visited, indicate where you will be staying, how you will be getting around, what local foods you intend to try, any local people you will meet, unique species (flora/fauna) encountered, and/or any customs and festivities you intent to participate in while there. Maps, images/photos, diagrams greatly aid in conveying information about your project. You may choose any place on Earth that you find most interesting, but do keep in mind scale. Places that may seem close to one another on a map might actually require hours of flying or multiple days drive by car, particularly in rural areas not connected by modern highway networks.Writing the Field ReportYour term project is an opportunity to integrate what you have learned in class with personal experiences or interests while practicing your writing and small group discussion skills. Be sure to organize and summarize pertinent observations and conclusions gained from textbook readings, lectures, and any additional sources. To avoid plagiarism reference ALL sources used BOTH in text AND in a bibliography page (APA, MLA or Chicago styles are all acceptable styles).Field trip ideas: Below are a few examples, but options are as diverse as Earth’s physical and cultural landscape. Please contact me if you have any questions or need clarification. Alaska’s Mount Denali to Glacier BayYellowstone National Park & Grand Teton National Park LoopHiking Mount Kilimanjaro from Base to CrestHawaii – Best of the Big IslandBelow are some helpful guidelines for the report:1. IntroductionIn your introduction, outline the trip objective(s). An original map with route and stops is required! There are many map-making tools and programs freely available, but you are able to use Google Map Engine or hand drawings so long as purposeful information is clearly conveyed.2. Stop-by-Stop DescriptionsEach day should have an itinerary table followed by in-depth narrative of key activities.The itinerary table outlines brief descriptions, provides stop locations, arrival and departures dates and times, plus activities planned. Think about how best to convey this information clearly and briefly. Note: Also consider travel times and modes between stops plus any time zone changes part of this project is to demonstrate basic logistics.Then include narrative paragraph(s) offering longer description(s) of key each stop location and the relevance to physical and cultural geography. This would be a great place for a few representative images. Remember, as the tour guide, you want attendees to have an idea of what to expect and prepare for. The last thing you want is an angry mob of confused exhausted travelers who forgot to pack their parkas in Antarctica! Take your time with each narratives. Make sure you have thoroughly related each stop to ideas and themes represented during this course. I want to see your ability to apply course concepts into your writing and their connections to the larger world. Doing this will merit a much higher grade than just reciting destination information. 3. BibliographyCite ALL authors, publications, and/or websites you used as references in text and in a bibliography at the end of your paper. at least 700words
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Geologic Time (Radiometric Dating Techniques): Answer the questions below.What unstable isotope would be best to refine the date of bones found in a cave hearth built by humans between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago?We find samples of an igneous rock demonstrate it has been through 4 half-lives. The test element has a half-life of 150 million years. How old is the rock?Argue for or against the following: A stone tool fashioned from a chunk of obsidian yields a date of 5,000,000 years old, therefore, the tool was made by a human 5,000,000 years ago.You are trying to figure out the age of what is thought to be a very old fossil with a volcanic ash layer immediately above the fossil. We know the fossil is at least more than 250 million years old. Should we use carbon 14 to date the fossil, or uranium 238 to date the volcanic ash layer, and why?If the parent isotope starts with 100 grams, but your samples yield only 12.5 grams of the parent isotope, how many half-lives have passed?Geologic Time and Rock Mineral IdentificationMinerals are naturally-occurring, solid substances composed of chemical elements. This means that minerals, ranging from salt to rubies, are made up of compounds of elements that appear on the periodic table. Each type of mineral has a specific chemical composition and consistent physical properties. They are inorganic, not living or made up of living things. Minerals form a crystalline structure which gives rocks their "rough" texture.Rocks are mixtures, or aggregates, of different minerals. Some rocks, like limestone, are composed mostly of one mineral, but the majority of rocks are made up of several major minerals. Rocks are divided into three categories based on how they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.Igneous rocks form when hot magma from beneath the Earth's surface cools rapidly. Igneous rocks that cool beneath the surface (perhaps by hitting underground air pockets) are called intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks. Granite is an example. When the magma cools on the Earth's surface by flowing from the mouth of a volcano as lava, the resulting rock is called extrusive or volcanic rock. Basalt and obsidian are common examples of volcanic igneous rocks.Sedimentary rocks are formed by layers of sediment accumulating and being compressed together for extended periods of time. Most sedimentary rocks have layers, and they often contain fossils, as living material was buried in the sediment before it was compressed into rock. Common examples of these rocks are limestone, sandstone, and shale.Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed by high pressure or heat. 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They are divided into three categories based on how they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.Three tools will aid you in identifying each mineral:Magnifying Lens: This is one of the most important tools for a mineralogist, because identifying minerals involves close observation.Nail: A nail is one of the many common items you can use to test the hardness of your specimens, along with a fingernail, penny, and piece of glass.Streak Plate: A streak plate is used to determine the color of a mineral in powder form.Many minerals can be identified using close observation and some simple tests. (Results are most consistent if you test on a freshly-broken surface of the mineralLuster. Luster refers to the way a mineral reflects light. Is it shiny like metal? Then its luster is called metallic. It could also be adamantine (brilliant, like a diamond) or vitreous (glassy, like quartz.) Other common terms to describe luster are dull, earthy, silky, greasy, or pearly. Transparency is another characteristic that is related to luster. If you can see through the specimen, it is transparent. If light can pass through, but it is not see-through, the mineral is translucent. Minerals that do not let light through are called opaque.Color. Note the color of your specimen. This can be helpful for identifying metallic minerals, but many nonmetallic minerals have variable colors because of impurities. Quartz comes in many different colors and sapphires and rubies are different-colored varieties of the same mineral, corundum.Streak. A streak test determines the color of a mineral in powder form. In some cases, especially for metallic minerals, the streak may be a different color than the lump form of the mineral. In these cases, streak can greatly aid identification. In general, streak is more useful in identifying dark-colored minerals than light-colored specimens. The most common way to do a streak test is to rub your sample across a ceramic plate. If the mineral has a hardness level less than the streak plate (7) it will leave a colored streak of powder. (Wash the streak plate with soap and water as necessary.)Hardness. Mineral hardness is measured on the Mohs Hardness Scale. On each level of the scale a mineral can be scratched by something of the same or higher level, but nothing lower. The scale is made up of 10 minerals varying in hardness from 1 to 10. Number one is talc, because it is soft and very easy to scratch. Number 10 is the diamond, because it is the hardest natural substance and can only be scratched by another diamond.TalcGypsumCalciteFluoriteApatiteFeldsparQuartzTopaz or BerylCorundumDiamondNumber one is talc, because it is soft and very easy to scratch. Number ten is the diamond, because it is the hardest natural substance and can only be scratched by another diamond. You can test the hardness of specimens using common materials like a nail, which has a hardness of about 5, or a streak plate with a hardness of 7. You can also try using a fingernail (2.5) a copper penny (3), or a steel file (6.5). Hold the specimen firmly and drag the nail across it. You will feel if it catcheson the mineral or if it just slides off it without biting into it. Use a magnifying lens to look for a scratch. If your specimen can be scratched by the nail (5) but not by a copper penny (3), its hardness is between 3.5 and 4.5.Other TestsThere are other tests you could also perform on to help you identify unknown minerals using a field guide or web resource. Some of these tests are described below.Cleavage. Cleavage refers to how a mineral breaks. If it tends to break in smooth, flat planes it has cleavage. (If it breaks to form jagged edges only, it has fracture instead.) There are varying degrees of cleavage based on how clean the break is. If a mineral is transparent or translucent, you can often see cleavage planes with a magnifying lens, without having to break the mineral. Watch out! Sometimes crystal faces on a mineral look like cleavage planes, and vice versa.Magnetism. Some minerals (like magnetite) are magnetic. Test your specimens to see if they are attracted to an iron nail or magnet.Acid Test. Certain minerals, such as calcite, have carbonate compounds that dissolve in acid, producing bubbles. You can test this by roughing up a corner on your streak plate, then putting a few drops of vinegar on your specimen and watching for bubbles.Fluorescence. You can try shining a black light on your specimens to test for fluorescence. Some minerals absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light, making them glow in the dark with various colors.Specific Gravity. Knowing a mineral's specific gravity can help with identification. Specific gravity is the weight of a mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.To use the ID tables, be methodical. Start with luster, then the color of sample, then hardness, and so on.Non-metallic LusterColorHardnessStreakCleavage/fractureSpecial propertiesMineral nameDullWhite2WhiteGood one directionPowderyAlabaster gypsumDull to earthyBlack1-2BlackOne direction indistinctGreasy feelGraphiteDull to earthySilver to earthy red5.5-6.5RedFractureRed streakHematiteSilkyWhite or green1WhiteOne directionSilky-waxyTalcSilky to pearlyWhite2WhiteGood one directionFibrous habitSatin spar gypsumVitreousWhite7WhiteConchoidal fractureHardMilky quartzVitreousClear or white2-2.5WhiteCubic (3@90°)Salty tasteHaliteVitreousClear/green/purple / yellow4white4 directionsGenerally transparen t toFluoritetranslucentVitreousWhite or clear3WhiteRhombohedral (3 not@ 90°)Reacts with acidCalciteVitreousWhite to clear2WhiteGood one direction, poor two directionsCrystal versionSelenite gypsumVitreous to dullTan, pink, or green6WhiteTwo directions about 90°OpaquePotassium FeldsparVitreous to submetallicBlack2.5-3Green to beigeOne directionFlat and blackBiotite micaVitreous to submetallicTan2-2.5TanOne directionFlat and tanMuscovite micaMetallic toSubmetallicLusterColorHardnessStreakCleavage/fractureSpecial propertiesMineral nameMetallicBlack1-2BlackOne direction indistinctSmudgeseasilyGraphiteMetallicBlack5.5-6.5BlackFractureWill solidly hold a magnetMagnetiteMetallicOff gold6-6.5Black to greenFractureFool's goldPyriteMetallic to dull/earthySilver to earthy red5.5-6.5RedFractureRed streakHematiteSubmetallic to vitreousBlack2.5-3Green to beigeOne directionFlat and blackBiotiteIdentifying RocksColor. As a general rule, darker rocks are made of minerals with iron and magnesium, such as magnetite or biotite. Lighter-colored rocks may have lots of quartz, calcite gypsum, or halite in them.Texture. Is it coarse-grained or glassy-smooth? Is it dense with very small particles? Are minerals visible to the naked eye? The texture of a rock depends on what is it made of. For example, igneous rocks go by basic crystal size, and sedimentary rocks will have a texture of clastic, chemical, or biogenic, depending on how they formed. Metamorphic rocks will be identified by whether they are foliated or not foliated.Structure. Look for layers, which are often an indication of sedimentary rocks. Some volcanic igneous rock will have a sponge-like structure - pumice is an example of this. It is less dense than water, so it floats! Sedimentary rocks may have layers in them, but this is more common to shales. They can also have fossils, or banding.Acid Test. Limestone contains a carbonate compound that dissolves in acid, producing bubbles. Test for bubbles with a few drops of vinegar. You may want to rough up a corner of the sample on the streak plate for best results with the weaker vinegar.Identifying Minerals and Rocks AnalysisPlease take notes for your work on the provided GEO101C_Lab_Mod02_Worksheet and, using the information you record there, create a paper with five (5) sections that responds to each part of this laboratory assignment. Your paper should meet the following requirements:Follows APA style, including title page, reference page, and visuals.Is composed of five (5) labeled sections that share you answers, results and analysis of each of the five (5) parts of this laboratory assignment.Formatted according to the CSU Global Writing Center.It is strongly recommended that you submit all assignments to the TurnItIn Originality Check prior to submitting the assignment to your instructor for grading. If you are uncertain how to submit an assignment to TurnItIn, please review the TurnItIn Originality Check student guide for step-by-step instructions.A: Mineral and Rock IdentificationComplete the Mineral Identification Key and the Rock Identification Key on the provided worksheet.Part 1 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s mineral identification test, please identify numbers 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, and 19. Give a brief description of each from the parameters that give you the box at the top of the screen saying you got it right (for the rocks, too). http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Minera...Part 2 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s igneous rock identification test, please identify numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11. Give a brief description of each. http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Igneou...Part 3 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s sedimentary rock identification test, please identify numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12. Give a brief description of each. http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Sedime...Part 4 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s metamorphic rock identification test, please identify all samples. Give a brief description of each. http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Metamo...Part 5 – Geologic Time (Radiometric Dating Techniques). Answer the questions below.What unstable isotope would be best to refine the date of bones found in a cave hearth built by humans between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago?We find samples of an igneous rock demonstrate it has been through 4 half-lives. The test element has a half-life of 150 million years. How old is the rock?Argue for or against the following: A stone tool fashioned from a chunk of obsidian yields a date of 5,000,000 years old, therefore, the tool was made by a human 5,000,000 years ago.You are trying to figure out the age of what is thought to be a very old fossil with a volcanic ash layer immediately above the fossil. We know the fossil is at least more than 250 million years old. Should we use carbon 14 to date the fossil, or uranium 238 to date the volcanic ash layer, and why?If the parent isotope starts with 100 grams, but your samples yield only 12.5 grams of the parent isotope, how many half-lives have passed?
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For the term project, imagine yourself as a tour guide leading adults for three days anywhere on the planet where you can showcase and explore an area of Earth’s most interesting physical and cultural features and phenomenon. Please select one particular geographic region and become an expert of the area’s physical and cultural points of interest. On this three-day field excursion, indicate where you will go and why (i.e. how do sites you stop at relate to information within your textbook or topics covered in course lectures). Make sure that your trip provides a day-to-day scenario. In addition to describing the sites visited, indicate where you will be staying, how you will be getting around, what local foods you intend to try, any local people you will meet, unique species (flora/fauna) encountered, and/or any customs and festivities you intent to participate in while there. Maps, images/photos, diagrams greatly aid in conveying information about your project. You may choose any place on Earth that you find most interesting, but do keep in mind scale. Places that may seem close to one another on a map might actually require hours of flying or multiple days drive by car, particularly in rural areas not connected by modern highway networks.Writing the Field ReportYour term project is an opportunity to integrate what you have learned in class with personal experiences or interests while practicing your writing and small group discussion skills. Be sure to organize and summarize pertinent observations and conclusions gained from textbook readings, lectures, and any additional sources. To avoid plagiarism reference ALL sources used BOTH in text AND in a bibliography page (APA, MLA or Chicago styles are all acceptable styles).Field trip ideas: Below are a few examples, but options are as diverse as Earth’s physical and cultural landscape. Please contact me if you have any questions or need clarification. Alaska’s Mount Denali to Glacier BayYellowstone National Park & Grand Teton National Park LoopHiking Mount Kilimanjaro from Base to CrestHawaii – Best of the Big IslandBelow are some helpful guidelines for the report:1. IntroductionIn your introduction, outline the trip objective(s). An original map with route and stops is required! There are many map-making tools and programs freely available, but you are able to use Google Map Engine or hand drawings so long as purposeful information is clearly conveyed.2. Stop-by-Stop DescriptionsEach day should have an itinerary table followed by in-depth narrative of key activities.The itinerary table outlines brief descriptions, provides stop locations, arrival and departures dates and times, plus activities planned. Think about how best to convey this information clearly and briefly. Note: Also consider travel times and modes between stops plus any time zone changes part of this project is to demonstrate basic logistics.Then include narrative paragraph(s) offering longer description(s) of key each stop location and the relevance to physical and cultural geography. This would be a great place for a few representative images. Remember, as the tour guide, you want attendees to have an idea of what to expect and prepare for. The last thing you want is an angry mob of confused exhausted travelers who forgot to pack their parkas in Antarctica! Take your time with each narratives. Make sure you have thoroughly related each stop to ideas and themes represented during this course. I want to see your ability to apply course concepts into your writing and their connections to the larger world. Doing this will merit a much higher grade than just reciting destination information. 3. BibliographyCite ALL authors, publications, and/or websites you used as references in text and in a bibliography at the end of your paper. at least 700words
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Geologic Time (Radiometric Dating Techniques): Answer the questions below.What unstable isotope would be best to refine the date of bones found in a cave hearth built by humans between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago?We find samples of an igneous rock demonstrate it has been through 4 half-lives. The test element has a half-life of 150 million years. How old is the rock?Argue for or against the following: A stone tool fashioned from a chunk of obsidian yields a date of 5,000,000 years old, therefore, the tool was made by a human 5,000,000 years ago.You are trying to figure out the age of what is thought to be a very old fossil with a volcanic ash layer immediately above the fossil. We know the fossil is at least more than 250 million years old. Should we use carbon 14 to date the fossil, or uranium 238 to date the volcanic ash layer, and why?If the parent isotope starts with 100 grams, but your samples yield only 12.5 grams of the parent isotope, how many half-lives have passed?Geologic Time and Rock Mineral IdentificationMinerals are naturally-occurring, solid substances composed of chemical elements. This means that minerals, ranging from salt to rubies, are made up of compounds of elements that appear on the periodic table. Each type of mineral has a specific chemical composition and consistent physical properties. They are inorganic, not living or made up of living things. Minerals form a crystalline structure which gives rocks their "rough" texture.Rocks are mixtures, or aggregates, of different minerals. Some rocks, like limestone, are composed mostly of one mineral, but the majority of rocks are made up of several major minerals. Rocks are divided into three categories based on how they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.Igneous rocks form when hot magma from beneath the Earth's surface cools rapidly. Igneous rocks that cool beneath the surface (perhaps by hitting underground air pockets) are called intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks. Granite is an example. When the magma cools on the Earth's surface by flowing from the mouth of a volcano as lava, the resulting rock is called extrusive or volcanic rock. Basalt and obsidian are common examples of volcanic igneous rocks.Sedimentary rocks are formed by layers of sediment accumulating and being compressed together for extended periods of time. Most sedimentary rocks have layers, and they often contain fossils, as living material was buried in the sediment before it was compressed into rock. Common examples of these rocks are limestone, sandstone, and shale.Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed by high pressure or heat. The crystal structure is changed, the texture often becomes coarser, and sometimes new minerals are formed in the process. Metamorphic rocks are the most complex group of rocks. Schist, slate, and gneiss (pronounced like "nice") are common examples.Minerals IdentificationMinerals are naturally-occurring, solid substances composed of chemical elements. This means that minerals, ranging from salt to rubies, are made up of compounds of elements that appear on the periodic table. Each type of mineral has a specific chemical composition and consistent physical properties. They are inorganic, not living or made up of living things. Minerals form a crystalline structure which gives rocks their "rough" texture. Rocks are mixtures, or aggregates, of different minerals. They are divided into three categories based on how they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.Three tools will aid you in identifying each mineral:Magnifying Lens: This is one of the most important tools for a mineralogist, because identifying minerals involves close observation.Nail: A nail is one of the many common items you can use to test the hardness of your specimens, along with a fingernail, penny, and piece of glass.Streak Plate: A streak plate is used to determine the color of a mineral in powder form.Many minerals can be identified using close observation and some simple tests. (Results are most consistent if you test on a freshly-broken surface of the mineralLuster. Luster refers to the way a mineral reflects light. Is it shiny like metal? Then its luster is called metallic. It could also be adamantine (brilliant, like a diamond) or vitreous (glassy, like quartz.) Other common terms to describe luster are dull, earthy, silky, greasy, or pearly. Transparency is another characteristic that is related to luster. If you can see through the specimen, it is transparent. If light can pass through, but it is not see-through, the mineral is translucent. Minerals that do not let light through are called opaque.Color. Note the color of your specimen. This can be helpful for identifying metallic minerals, but many nonmetallic minerals have variable colors because of impurities. Quartz comes in many different colors and sapphires and rubies are different-colored varieties of the same mineral, corundum.Streak. A streak test determines the color of a mineral in powder form. In some cases, especially for metallic minerals, the streak may be a different color than the lump form of the mineral. In these cases, streak can greatly aid identification. In general, streak is more useful in identifying dark-colored minerals than light-colored specimens. The most common way to do a streak test is to rub your sample across a ceramic plate. If the mineral has a hardness level less than the streak plate (7) it will leave a colored streak of powder. (Wash the streak plate with soap and water as necessary.)Hardness. Mineral hardness is measured on the Mohs Hardness Scale. On each level of the scale a mineral can be scratched by something of the same or higher level, but nothing lower. The scale is made up of 10 minerals varying in hardness from 1 to 10. Number one is talc, because it is soft and very easy to scratch. Number 10 is the diamond, because it is the hardest natural substance and can only be scratched by another diamond.TalcGypsumCalciteFluoriteApatiteFeldsparQuartzTopaz or BerylCorundumDiamondNumber one is talc, because it is soft and very easy to scratch. Number ten is the diamond, because it is the hardest natural substance and can only be scratched by another diamond. You can test the hardness of specimens using common materials like a nail, which has a hardness of about 5, or a streak plate with a hardness of 7. You can also try using a fingernail (2.5) a copper penny (3), or a steel file (6.5). Hold the specimen firmly and drag the nail across it. You will feel if it catcheson the mineral or if it just slides off it without biting into it. Use a magnifying lens to look for a scratch. If your specimen can be scratched by the nail (5) but not by a copper penny (3), its hardness is between 3.5 and 4.5.Other TestsThere are other tests you could also perform on to help you identify unknown minerals using a field guide or web resource. Some of these tests are described below.Cleavage. Cleavage refers to how a mineral breaks. If it tends to break in smooth, flat planes it has cleavage. (If it breaks to form jagged edges only, it has fracture instead.) There are varying degrees of cleavage based on how clean the break is. If a mineral is transparent or translucent, you can often see cleavage planes with a magnifying lens, without having to break the mineral. Watch out! Sometimes crystal faces on a mineral look like cleavage planes, and vice versa.Magnetism. Some minerals (like magnetite) are magnetic. Test your specimens to see if they are attracted to an iron nail or magnet.Acid Test. Certain minerals, such as calcite, have carbonate compounds that dissolve in acid, producing bubbles. You can test this by roughing up a corner on your streak plate, then putting a few drops of vinegar on your specimen and watching for bubbles.Fluorescence. You can try shining a black light on your specimens to test for fluorescence. Some minerals absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light, making them glow in the dark with various colors.Specific Gravity. Knowing a mineral's specific gravity can help with identification. Specific gravity is the weight of a mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water.To use the ID tables, be methodical. Start with luster, then the color of sample, then hardness, and so on.Non-metallic LusterColorHardnessStreakCleavage/fractureSpecial propertiesMineral nameDullWhite2WhiteGood one directionPowderyAlabaster gypsumDull to earthyBlack1-2BlackOne direction indistinctGreasy feelGraphiteDull to earthySilver to earthy red5.5-6.5RedFractureRed streakHematiteSilkyWhite or green1WhiteOne directionSilky-waxyTalcSilky to pearlyWhite2WhiteGood one directionFibrous habitSatin spar gypsumVitreousWhite7WhiteConchoidal fractureHardMilky quartzVitreousClear or white2-2.5WhiteCubic (3@90°)Salty tasteHaliteVitreousClear/green/purple / yellow4white4 directionsGenerally transparen t toFluoritetranslucentVitreousWhite or clear3WhiteRhombohedral (3 not@ 90°)Reacts with acidCalciteVitreousWhite to clear2WhiteGood one direction, poor two directionsCrystal versionSelenite gypsumVitreous to dullTan, pink, or green6WhiteTwo directions about 90°OpaquePotassium FeldsparVitreous to submetallicBlack2.5-3Green to beigeOne directionFlat and blackBiotite micaVitreous to submetallicTan2-2.5TanOne directionFlat and tanMuscovite micaMetallic toSubmetallicLusterColorHardnessStreakCleavage/fractureSpecial propertiesMineral nameMetallicBlack1-2BlackOne direction indistinctSmudgeseasilyGraphiteMetallicBlack5.5-6.5BlackFractureWill solidly hold a magnetMagnetiteMetallicOff gold6-6.5Black to greenFractureFool's goldPyriteMetallic to dull/earthySilver to earthy red5.5-6.5RedFractureRed streakHematiteSubmetallic to vitreousBlack2.5-3Green to beigeOne directionFlat and blackBiotiteIdentifying RocksColor. As a general rule, darker rocks are made of minerals with iron and magnesium, such as magnetite or biotite. Lighter-colored rocks may have lots of quartz, calcite gypsum, or halite in them.Texture. Is it coarse-grained or glassy-smooth? Is it dense with very small particles? Are minerals visible to the naked eye? The texture of a rock depends on what is it made of. For example, igneous rocks go by basic crystal size, and sedimentary rocks will have a texture of clastic, chemical, or biogenic, depending on how they formed. Metamorphic rocks will be identified by whether they are foliated or not foliated.Structure. Look for layers, which are often an indication of sedimentary rocks. Some volcanic igneous rock will have a sponge-like structure - pumice is an example of this. It is less dense than water, so it floats! Sedimentary rocks may have layers in them, but this is more common to shales. They can also have fossils, or banding.Acid Test. Limestone contains a carbonate compound that dissolves in acid, producing bubbles. Test for bubbles with a few drops of vinegar. You may want to rough up a corner of the sample on the streak plate for best results with the weaker vinegar.Identifying Minerals and Rocks AnalysisPlease take notes for your work on the provided GEO101C_Lab_Mod02_Worksheet and, using the information you record there, create a paper with five (5) sections that responds to each part of this laboratory assignment. Your paper should meet the following requirements:Follows APA style, including title page, reference page, and visuals.Is composed of five (5) labeled sections that share you answers, results and analysis of each of the five (5) parts of this laboratory assignment.Formatted according to the CSU Global Writing Center.It is strongly recommended that you submit all assignments to the TurnItIn Originality Check prior to submitting the assignment to your instructor for grading. If you are uncertain how to submit an assignment to TurnItIn, please review the TurnItIn Originality Check student guide for step-by-step instructions.A: Mineral and Rock IdentificationComplete the Mineral Identification Key and the Rock Identification Key on the provided worksheet.Part 1 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s mineral identification test, please identify numbers 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, and 19. Give a brief description of each from the parameters that give you the box at the top of the screen saying you got it right (for the rocks, too). http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Minera...Part 2 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s igneous rock identification test, please identify numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11. Give a brief description of each. http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Igneou...Part 3 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s sedimentary rock identification test, please identify numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12. Give a brief description of each. http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Sedime...Part 4 – Using the following web link to Harwood’s metamorphic rock identification test, please identify all samples. Give a brief description of each. http://profharwood.x10host.com/GEOL101/Labs/Metamo...Part 5 – Geologic Time (Radiometric Dating Techniques). Answer the questions below.What unstable isotope would be best to refine the date of bones found in a cave hearth built by humans between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago?We find samples of an igneous rock demonstrate it has been through 4 half-lives. The test element has a half-life of 150 million years. How old is the rock?Argue for or against the following: A stone tool fashioned from a chunk of obsidian yields a date of 5,000,000 years old, therefore, the tool was made by a human 5,000,000 years ago.You are trying to figure out the age of what is thought to be a very old fossil with a volcanic ash layer immediately above the fossil. We know the fossil is at least more than 250 million years old. Should we use carbon 14 to date the fossil, or uranium 238 to date the volcanic ash layer, and why?If the parent isotope starts with 100 grams, but your samples yield only 12.5 grams of the parent isotope, how many half-lives have passed?
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