Biology review questions need today

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BIO 1124 Review Question Worksheet 1. How do animals communicate? What are pheromones? What is auditory communication? What is visual communication? What are the purposes of communication? 2. What is adaptive behavior? What does it have to do with mate selection? 3. What energy drives most ecosystems? Which organisms use this energy first and bring it into the system or trophic pyramid? What percentage of the energy in one trophic level makes it to the next? 4. What are some of the ways we use natural resources? What are some agricultural uses of diversity? What is overexploitation? 5. What are the differences between operant and classical conditioning? Who defined and studied these? What is imprinting? Give examples of each. 6. Define evolution. What was the scala naturae? What do the geological ages have to do with all this? 7. What is Darwin’s theory of natural selection? What is artificial selection? How did Lamarck view evolution? 8. What has happened to earth’s atmospheric oxygen over time? How did it get there? Why was it “reducing” at first? How does this affect what we find in the fossil record? What are the geological ages? What are index fossils? How is radioactive decay used to determine age? 9. How do homologous structures differ from analogous structures? How are these studied? Give examples. 10. What is paleontology? What are mass extinctions? What gave rise to the fossil fuel we call coal? How old is it? 11. How do different viruses enter cells? What are the lytic cycle stages of a bacteriophage infection? How is influenza virus cultivated in a laboratory? 12. What makes bacterial cells prokaryotic? Why are plant cells eukaryotic? What is the endosymbiotic theory? Where do such forms as halophiles fit? 13. Why are fungal cells eukaryotic? Why do most have haploid nuclei? What does dikaryotic mean, and which fungi exhibit this? What are septate hypae? What material goes into their cell walls? What is a lichen? 14. Why are algae protists, not plants? Why are there autotrophic and heterotrophic protists? What is plankton? What is the Paramecium? What does its contractile vacuole do? How does it rank as a complex cell? 15. What four characteristics define a chordate? What happens to each of these structures in the higher vertebrates? How does the movement of an invertebrate (as a sea star or starfish) differ from that of a vertebrate? As life became more complex, what characteristics developed first in fish? In amphibians? In reptiles? In birds? In mammals? 16 What is radial symmetry? Bilateral symmetry? Which does a human have? 17. What is the difference between monoecious and dioecious plants? 18. What is an amnion? How do marsupials differ from placental mammals? 19. How does inspired air vary from expired air? Exactly what is respiration? 20. In flowering plants, what are the gametophytes? How are the microspore, pollen and male gametophyte related? How are the megaspore, ovule, and female gametophyte related? What is the purpose of flower petals? How does the color and structure of these change with the pollinators the plants use? . Define the diploid sporophyte generation and the haploid gametophyte generations of plants? Why is it called the alternation of generations? Review the life cycles of mosses and ferns. Which generation is dominant in each? 21. What are the main sex hormones in humans? What are the similarities and differences between sperm and egg cells? How does a pregnancy begin? What is parthenogenesis? How does a fetus get oxygen and nutrition from the mother? 22. What produces nitrogenous wastes? How are they removed from the body? How does a nephron work? Why does water follow sodium ions in the kidney? How does the kidney control blood pressure? 23. What are the components of blood? What functions do they have? What are the components of a blood clot? How does blood flow through the heart (atria and ventricles)? What causes the sounds of the heart? What supplies blood to the heart itself? 24. What does the pulmonary circuit do? How is oxygen carried into the body? How is carbon dioxide carried out? How do aquatic animals get their oxygen? 25. What is the purpose of teeth? How can we swallow food without it going into our trachea and choking us? What goes on in the stomach? What is its pH? What happens in the small intestines? What special modifications of the cells there make its job easier? What does the large intestine do? What are sphincters?
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