To complete this homework, launch Google Earth (https://www.google.com/earth/), (Links to an external site.) then follow the instructions. You can always use the search feature (the magnifying glass icon) to search for a location.Flag this QuestionQuestion 10.18 ptsA little ways north of El Camino College is the Inglewood Oil Field, the largest urban oil field in the country (use the search feature to travel here). This oil field is almost a century old, and pumps oil that is trapped by the same faulting and folding that causes the Baldwin Hills to stick up above the surrounding landscape. Over its history, it has yielded about 400 million barrels of oil (about 17 billion gallons, or 64 billion liters). Various modern techniques are being used to extract as much of the remaining oil as feasible, and plans to employ the controversial technique of "fracking" has caused some controversy over the past several years. About how much oil is estimated to still be present and recoverable in this field? (see article here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglewood_Oil_Field)Group of answer choices10 million barrels30 million barrels100 million barrels400 million barrelsFlag this QuestionQuestion 20.18 ptsOil is a valuable liquid resource, and played a major role in the development of Los Angeles. However, a far more essential liquid resource is water. The rivers in the LA area are naturally dry for most of the year, and so there is not abundant surface water in the area. In fact, the development of such a large city in such a relatively dry area has been possible only by importing water from hundreds of miles away. This is done through long aqueducts, which represent essential lifelines for the residents of Los Angeles. However, these lifelines cross active faults, and thus could be severed during a major earthquake. So, don't forget about water in your earthquake kit! The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power has entire reservoirs that act as earthquake kits. One such example is the Stone Canyon Reservoir, in the Santa Monica Mountains a little ways north of the Inglewood Oil Field. Navigate here now, and examine the reservoir and the dam that holds its water. Formerly an active part of LA's water system, residents in this area now get their water from Sylmar. However, Stone Canyon is maintained as an local emergency reserve.What is the approximate elevation of the water level in Stone Canyon Reservoir? (Google Earth will tell you the elevation of whatever point your cursor is on in the bottom-right of the window).Group of answer choices220 m (720 feet)260 m (850 feet)300 m (980 feet)Flag this QuestionQuestion 30.18 ptsThis elevation is higher than homes in the valley below, and so much effort has gone into ensuring that the dam is safe and able to withstand earthquakes. Stone Canyon Reservoir is just one example of many, small and large, throughout southern California. Following Interstate 5 north from Los Angeles, one passes a string of notable reservoirs in the aqueduct system that brings water south to LA from the east side of the Sierra Nevada mountains. One of the early dams in this system failed catastrophically, and the hard-learned lessons from this disaster helped expand the field of engineering geology and our understanding of the geologic factors that can make a location a safer or more dangerous site on which to build a dam. This dam was the St. Francis Dam: here are photos of it:Visit the site of the St. Francis Dam by pasting this into the search bar: 34.547044°, -118.512761°Some of the wreckage is still visible, though the LA Department of Water and Power blew up a lot of it a while back. You can also see a now-abandoned road running through here. The road was rerouted a few hundred feet to the west to discourage people from stopping along the road for dam-related sightseeing. After all, can't have people stopping in the middle of the dam road! (get it?)Which way did the floodwaters flow when this dam broke? (there is a compass in the bottom-right, and the red arrow points north; and remember, Google Earth tells you the elevation of your cursor in the bottom-right).Group of answer choicesnorthwestnortheastsouthwestsoutheastFlag this QuestionQuestion 40.18 ptsSt Francis Dam was not rebuilt (the site was not suitable, it turns out), but the Los Angeles Aqueduct still runs through these mountains, and other, safer reservoirs are still present. What is the large one to the west?Group of answer choicesSt Francis ReservoirBouquet Canyon ReservoirLake CastaicReservoir DogsFlag this QuestionQuestion 50.18 ptsPaste this location into the search bar to navigate to it: 33.916518°, -116.713038°. This is a narrow pass between mountains in the desert east of Los Angeles (you drive past through here if you ever drive to Joshua Tree National Park or Palm Springs from the LA area). This narrow pass is an ideal way to get through the mountains here, and so the freeway passes through here, and also another aqueduct (this one coming west all the way from the Colorado River). But, that's enough Aqueducts for one day. Let's turn back to energy sources: what is present at this location?Group of answer choicesan oil fielda field of wind turbinesan array of solar panelsFlag this QuestionQuestion 60.18 ptsNow, navigate to Coyote Valley, California 92252 (this is northeast of our last stop, just north of Joshua Tree National Park).What kind of energy source is present here?Group of answer choicesan oil fielda field of wind turbinesan array of solar panelsFlag this QuestionQuestion 70.18 ptsNow navigate to the San Gabriel Mountains. Note that the northeastern side of the San Gabriel Mountains is remarkably straight: this is because this is the San Andreas fault, the transform plate boundary between the North America plate to the northeast, and the Pacific plate to the southwest.Which plate are the San Gabriel Mountains on?Group of answer choicesthe North America platethe Pacific plateFlag this QuestionQuestion 80.18 ptsThe highest point in the San Gabriel Mountains is Mount San Antonio. What is the elevation of the top of this mountain? All that elevation is from these mountains being pushed up along this stretch of the San Andreas fault, because the orientation of the fault in this area causes the two plates to push together as well as slide past one-another.Group of answer choicesabout 1500 m (5,000 feet)about 3000 m (10,000 feet)c. about 4500 m (15,000 feet)Flag this QuestionQuestion 90.18 ptsTake a few moments to look at the San Gabriel Mountains in a 3-D view. Note all the steep canyons eroded by streams flowing out of the mountains during rainstorms. Returning to a 2-D (top-down) view, notice all the sediment eroded out of these canyons is carried to the mouths of these canyons, where the sediment piles up as massive, triangular/fan-shaped piles....these are alluvial fans! (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan) One large fan is particularly easy to spot because of its distinct, darker color. This fan is near the town of Phelan, and spreads out north from Phelan, ending just north of the small community of El Mirage.If you zoom in on the middle of this fan, you'll see what looks like a road running across it. However, if you zoom in further, you'll see it's no road at all, but rather....an aqueduct! But, I said we'd stop looking at those, so lets look instead at the northern end of the fan. Where it ends is where the water that builds up the fan during storms finally ends up and evaporates. This leaves behind a dry lake bed, in this case El Mirage Lake. The lake bed is a white-ish color because of salt and other minerals left behind by the evaporation of the water. The deserts of southern California and the American Southwest in general are full of such dry lake beds.Zoom in and look just northwest of the "El Mirage Lake" label on Google Earth. What feature can you make out? (other than the swirls, which are left by vehicles driving across the lake bed)Group of answer choicessome water that hasn't evaporated!sinkholes!giant mudcracks!Flag this QuestionQuestion 100.18 ptsNow follow the San Andreas fault northwestward from this alluvial fan. You should be able to follow it by sticking to the straight edge of the mountains. There are some remarkably linear valleys it goes through, because the valleys themselves are formed by the fault. The fault goes right under Lake Palmdale, an artificial lake and reservoir (that could have been better situated!). Farther northwest, the fault trace will go through two smaller, natural lakes. These are called “sag ponds,” and form in depressions that form along such faults (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sag_pond).What are the names of these sag ponds along the San Andreas fault? (if you reach Interstate 5, you’ve gone too far).Group of answer choicesJames Lake and Hughes LakeHughes Lake and Elizabeth LakeElizabeth Lake and Angeles LakeAngeles Lake and James LakeFlag this QuestionQuestion 110.18 ptsNow, let's head to the coast! Navigate to Portugese Point and Sacred Cove, which is located on the Palos Verdes Peninsula just south of El Camino College, at: N33.738, W118.371. Sacred Cove is a small cove with a headland on either side: Portugese Point and Inspiration Point. Note that most of the rock here is a tan-ish color: this is shale. Note also that, at the tips of these headlands, near the water level, the rock is a darker, black-ish color: this is basalt. Basalt, being an igneous rock made of interlocking crystals, is much harder than shale, which is made of mud. This protected these parts of the coast from eroding as quickly, and as a result, these parts of the coast became headlands as the coast on either side eroded away to form the coves. Look closely at the tip of Portugese Point, using the 3D view. What feature is present here?Group of answer choicesa thin, sandy beacha landslidea seacave eroded into the headlandFlag this QuestionQuestion 120.18 ptsNow look just inland of Sacred Cove, at the road along the top of the cliffs here, and notice that it is full of small patches all along it. If you zoom in enough, you will even see a brown pair of lines running along the coast-side of the road: these are metal pipes. The road is so patched, the utilities run above ground, and the topography on the inland side of the road is so hilly (and also relatively undeveloped with houses) because this is a massive landslide complex: The Portugese Bend Landslide. Take a moment to examine this topography in 3-D, then read this short description of the landslide: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Bend#Mode...Based on the short article you just read, what are the two things people did here in the 1950’s that are thought to have contributed to activating this landslide?Group of answer choicesadded weight and water from road construction; building of homes with septic systems and lawns adding wateradded weight and water from road construction; excavations at the base of the cliffsartificial earthquakes caused by fracking; building of homes with septic systems and lawns adding waterartificial earthquakes caused by fracking; excavations at the base of the cliffsFlag this QuestionQuestion 130.18 ptsPortugese Bend is part of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Zoom out and note the several islands off the coast. These are the “Channel Islands.” Palos Verdes Peninsula was itself a Channel Island until mere thousands of years ago, when the channel between it and the mainland filled in with sediment!About how much sea level rise would it take to make Palos Verdes Peninsula an island once again?Group of answer choices10 m (30 feet)40 m (130 feet)60 m (200 feet)100 m 330 feet)Flag this QuestionQuestion 140.16 ptsLook offshore southwest of Palos Verdes Peninsula and the port of Los Angeles. Notice the large, flat region of sea floor just off the coast, extending south to Newport Beach, and several kilometers/miles out to sea. During the last ice age, sea level was at least 120 m (390 feet) lower than it is today. Would this flat region have been dry land during the last ice age?Group of answer choicesyesno

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, read the Properties of Soil: Agricultural and Water Availability Impacts investigation manual. This lab enables you to analyze the natural porosity and particle size of soil samples along with the chemical composition and profile of different soil types.The ProcessTake the required photos and complete all parts of the lab assignment (calculations, data tables, etc.). Use the Lab Worksheet as a resource to complete the Lab Report Template. Transfer any answers and visual elements from the Lab Worksheet into the Lab Report Template. You will submit the Lab Report Template through Waypoint in the classroom.The AssignmentMake sure to complete all of the following items before submission:Before you begin the assignment, read the Properties of Soil: Agricultural and Water Availability Impacts manual; you may also wish to review SCI207 - The Scientific Methodpresentation video.Complete all activities using the materials that you supply. Photograph each activity following these instructions:When taking lab photos, you need to include in each image a strip of paper with your name and the date clearly written on it.Use the Lab Worksheet as a resource to complete the Lab Report Template.Must use at least two credible sources outside of the textbook and lab manual.