question in file.

Hi IF you could please help me out for multiple choice. i only have 4 hours left for the hw. the first photo I attached which is number 1 is for Q #7 the first 3 answers and the 2nd photo is for the last question. let me know if you have any questions thanks QUESTION 1For each statement below, match whether the word "anatomy" or "physiology" more appropriately describes it. - A. B. There are five vertebrae that make up the lumbar region of the vertebral column. - A. B. The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. - A. B. Oxygen is taken into every cell of the body to produce ATP. - A. B. Muscles contract when the protein "myosin" undergoes conformational changes. - A. B. Blood sugar levels rise when glucagon is released by the pancreas.A.anatomyB.physiology10 points QUESTION 2During this course you will be learning about all levels of the human body. To understand how our bodies work, you have to not only know about large things, like organ systems and organs, but also the tiniest things, like small molecules and atoms. As you learn about each system, you will find yourself jumping around in the levels of living things. For example, from learning about cells of that system to the organs of that system, back to tissues of that system, and then large molecules of that system. As you jump around the levels, it is impossible to really understand each system if you can't picture in your mind how large each item is. For example, as you learn about actin in the muscular system, you will also learn about myosin-- because those interact with each other. Their interaction can happen because they are at the same level. Actin and myosin are both proteins, which puts them in the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization. Calcium ions are also important in the muscular system, because the presence of calcium ions triggers the actin and myosin interaction that leads to a contraction. Calcium ions are at the smallest level of organization, which is this level: atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual.You will be learning about what happens when cells come together to create a function that they cannot create alone. An example of this can be imagined when thinking about the lining of a blood vessel. One cell alone cannot create the lining of a blood vessel. But many cells together, linking with one another through adhesion points, can create an entire inner tube that is the lining of a blood vessel. Such a group of cells would be at the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization. The blood vessel itself, which is more than just an interior lining but also has muscle in it to help it vasoconstrict or vasodilate, is at the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization.Typically, students find it difficult to understand the smallest levels of organization, mainly because these are things that we can't see but can only imagine. There are plenty of models of these items, but you can't really view them. Pretty much, the smallest level of organization that can be seen under the light microscope is the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization. But in humans, that is really only ever the nucleus. Other examples of this level, like the endoplasmic reticulum or the lysosome, are still too small for viewing. You will learn more about this in lab. As for the smaller levels, the chemical levels, you will need to keep working on understanding what fits into which level as you learn more this term. It is true that big molecules are made up by combining smaller molecules, and small molecules are built from atoms. However, our bodies don't tend to put individual atoms together, but to rearrange existing chemicals. One chemical that is essential in this process in our bodies is water, and water is at the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization.In the nervous system you will learn about astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, microglia, and other items at the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization. Each system has many items at this level of organization. For example, in bone you will learn about osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Don't worry that there are so many types. You will come to understand why it is necessary to have more than one type in each system. Remember, you have to build the entire human body, which is at the atomsmall moleculelarge moleculeorganellecelltissueorganorgan systemindividual level of organization. It takes a lot of components to do that and make it work properly!In future chapters you will find some assignment questions that force you to think back to these levels of organization and apply them to specific systems. Also, there will be questions relating to this on the final. So be sure to think about each new item you learn about and figure out where to place it on this scale of items.24 points QUESTION 3Match each statement with the type of anatomy being described. - A. B. C. D. A kid breaks their arm and their arm bone (the humerus) is viewed in an X-ray. The way the humerus looks is this type of anatomy. - A. B. C. D. A older male patient is having his prostate removed. During the surgery they have to be cautious that removal of the prostate gland (which contributes a secretion to semen) doesn't cause them to accidentally cut the tiny nerves nearby that are needed for voluntary control of urination. It's a good thing that they know their ___. - A. B. C. D. The nerves that supply the arm muscles to enable arm movements emanate off the spinal cord at a much higher level than the nerves that supply the leg muscles. If a person has a spinal cord injury, the brain should be unaffected. Also, by knowing the level of the spinal cord injury you will be able to explain which nerves will no longer function. Understanding this would be this type of anatomy. - A. B. C. D. Part of standard blood tests involves doing a blood cell count. This requires viewing the cells and being able to tell the different cell types apart by how they look. Which type of anatomy is that? - A. B. C. D. Later this term you will be learning about the brain by viewing a sheep brain dissection. You can learn a lot about the human brain from a sheep brain. Comparing human and sheep brains would be this type of anatomy.A.microscopic anatomyB.regional anatomyC.systemic anatomyD.gross anatomy15 points QUESTION 4Maintenance of homeostasis is an example ofpositive feedbackchemistryresponsivenessacquiring energy2 points QUESTION 5The idea of homeostasis is to correct any deviations in our body conditions. This may seem dull or boring, but it is a lot of hard work. Our body has to monitor many things and adjust accordingly. Is our temperature off? How about our blood glucose or our blood calcium levels? Even really sudden things can be corrected-- like if you do a head stand and all the blood comes rushing back to your heart from your legs through gravity. Your body has to be able to control your body's blood pressure even under those conditions.Let's start thinking about how this works. Just use either increase or decrease in your answers here. If your blood calcium levels begin to rise, maintenance of homeostasis will lead to a/an increasedecreasepositivenegative in blood calcium levels. If, however, your blood calcium levels are dropping, maintenance of homeostasis will lead to a/an increasedecreasepositivenegative in blood calcium levels. If your blood pressure rises because you did a head stand, then maintenance of homeostasis will lead to a/an increasedecreasepositivenegative in your blood pressure. Homeostasis is maintained through a feedback loop. This loop depends on a sensor to pick up the change that occurred (for example, increasing blood calcium levels) which then inputs into what your book calls a control center and then leads to the appropriate response through the effector.For calcium levels, we have to either get more calcium into our blood from bone where it is stored, or we have to deposit calcium from the blood into the bone to put it into storage and out of the blood. When we take calcium out of bone, then, we are causing a/an increasedecreasepositivenegative in blood calcium levels.Now consider the type of feedback that carries out homeostasis (so answer either positive or negative here). When our blood calcium levels rise and we correct for it to maintain homeostasis, that is increasedecreasepositivenegative feedback. When our blood calcium levels drop and we correct for it to maintain homeostasis, that is increasedecreasepositivenegative feedback.Note that positive and negative do not refer to the direction of the feedback, but to whether the feedback increases (positive) or decreases (negative) the deviation from our normal state. Here's a final example. Your body temperature begins to drop. In response, the tiny muscles in your skin (arrector pili muscles) that pull on your body hairs are activated and your hairs stand on end (goose bumps). The goose bumps lead to a/an increasedecreasepositivenegative in your body temperature. This is an example of increasedecreasepositivenegative feedback.24 points QUESTION 6When we eat, we eat macroscopic things. But the only way we can absorb the nutrients from our food is by transporting small molecules across our digestive cell membranes. Therefore, digestion must occur through anaboliccatabolic reactions. The small molecule absorbed by our digestive system then enter our blood to supply all the cells of the body. Each cell type has to use different molecules within it in order to carry out different functions. So when the nutrients arrive at our bone cells, those cells will make some different large molecules out of the nutrients than would occur in, say, fat cells or muscle cells. Taking the nutrients and making useful, large molecules out of them within a cell would be considered anaboliccatabolic reactions.If we haven't eaten in a while, our liver will take stored, large molecules and break them down to send nutrients through the blood to supply our body until we can eat again. If the liver runs out of stored molecules, we then break down the stored fats inside our fat cells to supply our body with nutrients until we can eat again. Such actions by the liver and fat cells are considered anaboliccatabolic reactions. Note that while our liver is breaking down molecules to supply the body cells, the body cells receiving the nutrients would be simultaneously making new, large molecules out of these nutrients. At any given time in our body we are both making and breaking down molecules. This is our body metabolism.Usually, these chemical reactions occur between the levels of organization of small molecules and large molecules. So if we take a bunch of small molecules and make a large molecule, that is a anaboliccatabolic reaction. Alternatively, if we take a large molecule and break it down into small molecules, that is a anaboliccatabolic reaction. These molecules are all organic-- we only eat organic molecules and our nutrients (except for minerals) are organic.10 points QUESTION 7Match the type of imaging with the descriptions. - A. B. C. D. E. F. Of the listed types of imaging techniques, this one is the least dangerous, typically non-invasive, and can be used to see both soft and hard tissues. - A. B. C. D. E. F. This imaging technique is only useful to see hard tissues. So although it is useful for seeing how a bone broke, it is not helpful for viewing a tumor. - A. B. C. D. E. F. This method takes multiple scans and synthesizes them into a more detailed image through computer software, enabling soft or hard tissue to be viewed. Here's an example of bladder cancer as viewed through this method. - A. B. C. D. E. F. This type of scan enables visualization of both soft and hard tissues. It is quite precise, but expensive, loud, and uncomfortable to have done. The same bladder cancer that was viewed in the prior question is viewed here with this technique. - A. B. C. D. E. F. There are many types of ways to visualize things in the body. Cameras can be brought in to see what is going on, like when an endoscopy or a colonoscopy is performed. To see the bladder cancer this way requires the procedure called a ___ , which is not listed in your textbook.A.CTB.MRIC.ultrasonographyD.X-rayE.cystoscopyF.PET

I have attached the worksheet and powerpoint to help comolete the lab.