Learn by DoingThe purpose of this activity is to give you guided practice in carrying out the ANOVA F-test using StatCrunch.Some features of this activity may not work well on a cell phone or tablet. We highly recommend that you complete this activity on a computer.Here are the directions and grading rubric for the Learn by Doing discussion board exercises. A list of StatCrunch directions is provided at the bottom of this page.ContextCritical flicker frequency (CFF) and eye colorComputer screens and fluorescent bulbs flicker. If the frequency of the flicker is below a certain threshold, the eye detects the flicker, and it is annoying!Different people have different flicker "threshold" frequencies (known as the critical flicker frequency, or CFF). The mean critical threshold frequency is important for product manufacturing as well as tests for ocular disease.In 1973, researchers conducted a study to answer the following question.Research question: Do people with different eye color have different threshold flicker sensitivity?The 1973 study ("The Effect of Iris Color on Critical Flicker Frequency," Journal of General Psychology [1973], 91–95) obtained the following data from a random sample of 19 subjects.ColorThresholdFrequency (CFF)BlueBrownGreen Brown 26.825.726.826.4 Brown 27.927.227.924.2 Brown 23.729.923.728 Brown 25.028.52526.9 Brown 26.329.426.329.1 Brown 24.828.324.8 Brown 25.725.7 Brown 24.524.5 Green 26.4 Green 24.2 Green 28.0 Green 26.9 Green 29.1 Blue 25.7 Blue 27.2 Blue 29.9 Blue 28.5 Blue 29.4 Blue 28.3In this spreadsheet the data is presented in two formats.Stacked data: The quantitative data is stacked in one column. The first two columns show the data in a stacked format. Each variable is a column (one column for the explanatory variable eye color; one column for the response variable CFF) and each row is an individual. For example, the first row is a brown-eyed person with a CFF of 26.8.Unstacked data: The quantitative data is distributed across the groups in multiple columns. The last three columns show the same data in an unstacked format. In this format, each column is a group defined by a value of the explanatory variable: one column for blue-eyed people, one column for brown-eyed people and one column for green-eyed people. Each column contains the response values (CFF) for that group.The format of the data in the spreadsheet affects how we use StatCrunch to analyze it.VariablesColor: This is the explanatory variable. The categorical data represents the groups we will compare.CFF (flicker threshold sensitivity): This is the response variable. The quantitative data represents the frequency threshold at which the subject sees the flicker.DataDownload the flicker (Links to an external site.) datafile. As always, ignore or close any prompt that invites you to login while downloading the file. Upload the datafile to StatCrunch.PromptWe will conduct an ANOVA F-test for the variables Color and CFF. The flicker datafile is available in the Data section below. Also, the StatCrunch directions are provided in the list a the bottom of this page.What are the hypotheses for the ANOVA test? Be sure that you define clearly the parameters.Are the conditions that allow us to safely use the ANOVA F-test met? Explain.Note: To verify conditions, you will need to examine the distribution of CFF scores for each sample (because the samples are small).Use StatCrunch to create side-by-side dotplots, histograms or boxplots (your choice) to examine the distribution of CFF scores for each sample. You can use either data format; choose one (stacked data in the first two columns; or unstacked data in the the last three columns). To create the side-by-side graphs (for either data format) see the list of StatCrunch directions below. Download the StatCrunch output window (your graph), upload it to your Stats-Class folder, and then embed the .png file (your graph) in your initial post. To recall how to complete these tasks, see the list of StatCrunch directions below.You will also need to compare the sample standard deviations. Use StatCrunch to find the summary statistics, means and standard deviations for the comparison groups (select the the appropriate Descriptive Statistics StatCrunch directions from the list below). Then copy and paste the table into your initial post and explain how the rule of thumb for comparing standard deviations is met.Use StatCrunch to carry out the ANOVA F-test (select the appropriate ANOVA StatCrunch directions from the following two options). Anova F-test Stacked Data Format ORAnova F-test Unstacked Data FormatCopy and paste the output table into your initial post.State your conclusion in context of eye color and mean CFF.List of StatCrunch DirectionsEach link will open in a new window. To return to this discussion, either close the new tab or select the tab for this discussion. Create Your Stats-Class Folder in Canvas (You only need to do this once.)Purchase StatCrunch (You only need to do this once.)Open StatCrunchDownload Excel Data FileUpload Excel Data File to StatCrunchDownload StatCrunch Output Window (no screenshots; please use these directions)Upload Files into Your Stat-Class Folder in CanvasEmbed Pictures in a Discussion Post (no attachments; please use these directions)Side-by-side Boxplots Stacked Data FormatSide-by-side Boxplots Unstacked Data FormatSide-by-side Dotplots Stacked Data FormatSide-by-side Dotplots Unstacked Data FormatSide-by-side Histograms Stacked Data FormatSide-by-side Histograms Unstacked Data FormatDescriptive Statistics Multiple Categories Stacked Data FormatDescriptive Statistics Multiple Categories Unstacked Data FormatCopy & Paste a StatCrunch TableAnova F-test Stacked Data FormatAnova F-test Unstacked Data Format

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There are three task associated with this assignment. I have attached a document with my chosen topic and variables. SPSS and GSS (dataset 2018) must be used to complete the assignment.Task I: Frequency tableNow that you have imported GSS 2018 dataset into your SPSS and have learned how to use GSS data explorer to find out GSS variable information, you are going to create and post a frequency table of your variables. Complete the following steps:Give your discussion title a unique label specific to your study/variables. Post a brief explanation of your topic which includes a bit of information about your variables: level of measurement, answer categories (yes/no, strongly agree, disagree, etc.), as well as the survey question used to collect data for this particular variable (refer to Discussion 1 discussion). Include a frequency table for each of your variables. Since you have two variables, one DV and one IV, you need to run frequency table for BOTH of your variables. When you are done, explain your outputs in no more than 5 sentences for each variable. Cite numbers in the outputs to support your conclusion. When you cite %, use the % reported in "valid percent" column. This column deletes all missing values, thus is "clean."To create a frequency table in SPSSOpen SPSS and open your GSS data fileSelect AnalyzeSelect Descriptive StatisticsSelect Frequenciesselect open StatisticsMake sure that mean, median, mode, standards deviation, and variance are chosen and select "Continue"Choose the variable that you want to make a frequency table of and click the arrow (this will move it into the right 'Variable' box)Select OKTask II. Describe the measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (variance, standard deviation) for each of your variables.Based on what you have learned in the readings and lessons this week, identify the measures for each variable and explain what they tell us. Keep in mind that the mean is more meaningful for interval/ratio variables, the median or mode for ordinal variables, and the mode for nominal variables. What do these measures summarize for us about the variable's data?Task III. Create charts (bar chart, pie chart, or histogram depending on your variables' level of measurement)Presenting your data in graphic form is also important when conducting quantitative research. Based on what you have learned from the reading and the weekly lesson, create a graphic representation of your data. Your choice of graphing tool is purely based on a variable's level of measurement. When you are done, explain your outputs in no more than 5 sentences for each variable. It is OK if your explanation is similar to the frequency table interpretation, since chart is a different data presentation on the SAME variable. Cite numbers in the outputs to support your conclusion.Basic rules:Nominal: bar chart or pie chartOrdinal: bar chart or pie chartInterval/Ratio: histogram or line chartTo Create a ChartFollow steps 1-4 above (without worrying about the statistics).Select ChartsSelect choice of format (depending on your variable's level of measurement)Select OKContinue with steps 5-6Copy all of the frequency tables and charts by copy and pasting them into a document (PDF, MS Word) and attach to discussion. If your table/chart does not fit to the page, choose "copy special" and then "images." Paste images to the word document and the problem will be solved.