Given the excerpts, what are the views of Emmanuel Kant and Hume about Africa? Be clear and concise. You must evidence that you have read the readings on eLearn and not from another source or from the internet. According to Yefru’s Introduction, what is his point about how Alexander Crummell and Edward Blyden’s view Africa? Demonstrate from the text and your own interpretation why you come to the conclusion that you come to. Why do you think Yefru is including this discussion in an introductory text to African-centered critical thinking? For full credit, you must discuss how Crummell and Blyden’s ideas similar to Kant and Hume’s ideas about civilization and religion? Using Yefru’s Introduction discuss Yefru’s point about Placide Temples. For full credit discuss Yefru’s points in your own words. Using Nkulu’s article on “African Epistemology,” compare and contrast the “supernatural path of knowledge” with the “natural cognitive modes” of knowledge? Define each and describe how they are similar and different by way of examples? Last, describe the third category of knowledge. Using Yefru’s Introduction which category of epistemology would Anton-Wilhelm Amo fall under? Describe who Amo is and what is his major contribution is? How does African epistemology, as explained in Nkulu’s work, regardless of path, challenge Hume, Kant and Temples’ perspectives on Africa? Be specific. You may have to refer back to your notes on Hume, Kant and Temples above.

Discussion: Does Psychotherapy Have a Biological Basis?Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology? For this Discussion, consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis.Learning ObjectivesStudents will:Evaluate biological basis of psychotherapy treatmentsAnalyze influences of culture, religion, and socioeconomics on personal perspectives of psychotherapy treatmentsTo prepare:Review this week’s Learning Resources.Reflect on foundational concepts of psychotherapy.Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the "Post to Discussion Question" link and then select "Create Thread" to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking Submit!By Day 3Post an explanation of whether psychotherapy has a biological basis. Explain how culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence one’s perspective of the value of psychotherapy treatments. Support your rationale with evidence-based literature.Read a selection of your colleagues' responses.