essay：Post your reply to the midterm essay question here. Do not do outside research. Use only resources assigned in this course. Essay question: Two prompts available. Answer only one. 300-450 words in length only (slightly shorter than the Reaction Paper minimum length). Answers should include at least two citations to assigned reading in this course. Citations may be parenthetical or footnotes, but they must include the name of the author and a page number. 40 pointsA. Examine the two images below and explain how they helped cause controversy in the culture wars. Your answer should identify the art by artist and title (if possible) and also define the basic idea of the culture wars, including how these particular images sparked a reaction.B. This course focuses on divided culture. Explain why artwork that challenges traditional views regarding sexuality, the body, or gender roles has sparked several culture war battles. short answer：each answer should be 100 words in length (about a solid paragraph).

Tests and measures serve different purposes. The underlying purpose of the measure influences the decisions test developers make about how to score the instrument. For example, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test is intended to measure a respondent’s preferences according to four personality dichotomies: introverted or extraverted, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. Therefore, an ipsative approach to interpretation is used, which focuses on the relative amount of personality traits within each respondent. Other tests may use norm-referenced or criterion-referenced interpretive approaches. It is important to be able to articulate the similarities and differences among different interpretative approaches, which will help you determine how and when each should be used.For this Assignment, you will compare norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, and ipsative interpretative approaches. To prepare for this Discussion:Review this week’s Learning Resources.Focus on the similarities and differences between and among norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, and ipsative approaches for interpreting test scores. By Day 7Submit a 1- to 2-page paper (not including references) that includes the following:A comparison (including similarities and differences) of norm-referenced, criterion-referenced, and ipsative approaches to interpret scores from psychological measures.An explanation of at least one insight you had or conclusion you drew about approaches for interpreting psychological measures based on your comparison.Note: Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.RescourcesKingston, N. M., Scheuring, S. T., & Kramer, L. B. (2013). Test development strategies. In APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology, Vol. 1: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology. (pp. 165–184). American Psychological Association. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/140...Kline, T. J. (2005). Designing and scoring responses. In Kline, T. J. Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation (pp. 49-76). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781483385693Kolen, M. J., & Hendrickson, A. B. (2013). Scaling, norming, and equating. In K. F. Geisinger, B. A. Bracken, J. F. Carlson, J.-I. C. Hansen, N. R. Kuncel, S. P. Reise, & M. C. Rodriguez (Eds.), APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology, Vol. 1: Test theory and testing and assessment in industrial and organizational psychology. (pp. 201–222). American Psychological Association. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/140...Osburn, H. G., & Greener, J. M. (1978). Optimal Sampling Strategies for Validation Studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(5), 602–608. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1037/002...Spector, P. E. (1992). Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences:Summated rating scale construction. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412986038