Assignment Details There are five questions/problems on this assignment. Attempt ALL problems Please show your working so that any errors can be tracked as part of your feedback. 1. Thiazole (C3H3NS) occurs natrually as part of vitamin B1 (thiamin) such as in pasta and bread. Thiazoles have anti-tumor and anti-viral properties but most thiazole compounds are flavourings. If it is combusted perfectly in air the products are carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitrogen. What is the balanced reaction? What is the RMM of thiazole? What is the fuel-air mass ratio? What is the oxygen depletion? What is the yield of CO2? What is the yield of H2O? What is the yield of N2? For ideal combustion, what is the yield of carbon-monoxide? [8 marks] [2 marks] [5 marks] [4 marks] [2 marks] [2 marks] [1 mark] [1 mark] You may assume the composition of air is 21% O2 and 79 % N2. A periodic table is provided overleaf, should you need one. [25 marks for this question] 2. Critically review and distinguish superficial, partial-thickness and full thickness burns and explain the significance of ‘eschar’. How would eschar appear on a Lund-Browder chart? [15 marks for this question] 3. Critically review zone and field models used for compartment fire modelling. Provide examples and critically analyse the main assumptions, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of these models. [15 marks for this part] 4. The underside of a smoky layer 14m x 9m is radiating like a flat, isotropic plate at 510°C to the floor of a compartment 2.15m below, mean emissivity is 0.41, the floor is homogenous/flat plate at 35°C, FIND the rate of heat transfer from the smoky layer to the floor? 1 Useful figures & formulae: Q = F12A(TH4 − TC4 ) (1)   (1 + X 2 )(1 + Y 2 ) ln  2 2 2  ( 1+ X +Y )  F12 =   XY X Y + Y 1 + X 2 arctan − X arctan X − Y arctan Y   + X 1 + Y 2 arctan 1+Y 2 1+ X 2   (2) Where X = a / z and Y = b / z Figure 1. Parallel plates [20 marks for this part] 2 2 3 ⎯ ⎯ atomic number symbol Hydrogen ⎯ name ⎯ 4 3 2 1 Table 3. Periodic table of elements 0 2 He Helium 1 3 Li 4 Be relative atomic mass 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 4 10 Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 7 11 Na 9 12 Mg 11 13 Al 12 14 Si 14 15 P 16 16 S 19 17 Cl 20 18 Ar Sodium Magnesium Transition Elements Aluminum Silicon Sulphur Chlorine Argon 23 19 K 24 20 Ca ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 21 22 23 24 25⎯⎯→26 27 28 29 30 Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Phosphoru s 27 31 Ga 28 32 Ge 31 33 As 32 34 Se 35.5 35 Br 40 36 Kr Potassiu m Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium 39 37 Rb 40 38 Sr 45 39 Y 48 40 Zr 51 41 Nb Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium 85 55 Cs 88 56 Ba 89 Cesium Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton 55 43 Tc 56 44 Ru 59 45 Rh 59 46 Pd 64 47 Ag 65 48 Cd 70 49 In 73 50 Sn 75 51 Sb 79 52 Te 80 53 I 84 54 Xe Molybdenum Technetium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 93 73 Ta 96 74 W (98) 75 Re Rutheniu m 101 76 Os 103 77 Ir 106 78 Pt 108 79 Au 112 80 Hg 115 81 Tl 119 82 Pb 122 83 Bi 128 84 Po 127 85 At 131 86 Rn Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 178 104 Rf 181 105 Db 184 106 Sg 186 107 Bh 190 108 Hs 192 109 Mt 195 110 Uun 197 111 Uuu 201 112 Uub 204 113 Uut 207 114 Uuq 209 115 Uup (209) 116 Uuh (210) 117 |Uuh (222) 118 Uuo Rutherfordiu m Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) Chromiu m Mangane se Niobium 91 72 Hf Barium 133 87 Fr 137 88 Ra Francium Radium (223) (226) 57-71 89-103 (261) 52 42 Mo Ununnilium Unununium (269) Ununbium (272) (277) Ununtritium Ununquadiu Ununpentiu Ununhexium Ununhexiu Ununoctium m m m - (289) - (289) -  57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu Lanthanu m Cerium Praseodymiu m Neodymiu m Promethiu m Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosiu m Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium 139 89 Ac 140 90 Th 141 91 Pa 144 92 U (147) 93 Np Samariu m 150 94 Pu 152 95 Am 157 96 Cm 159 97 Bk 163 98 Cf 165 99 Es 167 100 Fm 169 101 Md 173 102 No 175 103 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactiniu m Uranium Plutonium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrenciu m 232 231 238 Americiu m Curium (227) Neptuniu m (247) (247) (249) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257) (237) (244) (243) 3 (293) 6 1 1 H 5. A new type of insulating board has been developed by that esteemed construction company Kaput Ltd. They warn that at extremely high heat fluxes it could be ignited, but they don’t think it’s very likely and it would take hours, so there’s no real risk! As an expert on the ignitability of materials you are asked to perform a thick/thin calaculation given the following data on the material: Density Thermal conductivity Specific heat capacity Thickness of board Initial/ambient laboratory temperature Ignition temperature 2300 kg m-3 0.82 W m-1 K-1 824 J kg-1 K-1 7mm 18°C 410°C It is considered that if 20 kW m-2 would be enough to ignite most materials (i.e. indicative of flashover fires). Perhaps something easy to ignite would only require 10 kW m-2. Would this material ignite within ten minutes if exposed to 10 kW m-2? Useful formulae:  = k / c  = k c  = t  T  tTHICK = 4 kc    Q  T tTHIN = cL Q  2  [25 marks] The word limit is 2,000 words (+/-10%). This excludes footnotes but includes quotations. The word count must be printed on the top right hand corner of your work. Remember: • • • • You must answer the questions set You must keep to the word limit of 2,000 words You must demonstrate that you have met the learning outcomes As you construct and present your answers, consider the assessment criteria Presentation Instructions It is your responsibility to ensure that your work is neatly and accurately presented. The work must be: • Word-processed 4 • • • • • • • • Single sided 1.5 or double line spaced Ariel 12 point font Justified Page numbered On A4 paper Margins left and right 3cm Attached to a cover sheet. Marks may be deducted for failure to follow these instructions. Please look at the Student Guide to Assessment for more information. Referencing All academic writing must be referenced. If you use other people’s ideas without referencing them you are plagiarising their work. Use the Harvard system of referencing within your text. This will take the form: surname, year of publication, page number, and is enclosed within brackets, for example (Bradley 1998, 277). At the end of your work you should provide an alphabetical list of all the works you cite. Plagiarism The use of work produced for another purpose by you, working alone or with others, must be acknowledged. Copying from the works of another person (including Internet sources) constitutes plagiarism, which is an offence within the University’s regulations. Brief quotations from the published or unpublished works of another person, suitably attributed, are acceptable. You must always use your own words except when using properly referenced quotations. You are advised when taking notes from books or other sources to make notes in your own words, in a selective and critical way. 5 ...