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Assignment Details
There are five questions/problems on this assignment. Attempt ALL problems
Please show your working so that any errors can be tracked as part of your feedback.
1. Thiazole (C3H3NS) occurs natrually as part of vitamin B1 (thiamin)
such as in pasta and bread.
Thiazoles have anti-tumor and anti-viral properties
but most thiazole compounds are flavourings. If it is combusted perfectly in
air the products are carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitrogen.
What is the balanced reaction?
What is the RMM of thiazole?
What is the fuel-air mass ratio?
What is the oxygen depletion?
What is the yield of CO2?
What is the yield of H2O?
What is the yield of N2?
For ideal combustion, what is the yield of carbon-monoxide?
[8 marks]
[2 marks]
[5 marks]
[4 marks]
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
You may assume the composition of air is 21% O2 and 79 % N2. A periodic table is
provided overleaf, should you need one.
[25 marks for this question]
2. Critically review and distinguish superficial, partial-thickness and full thickness burns
and explain the significance of ‘eschar’. How would eschar appear on a Lund-Browder
chart?
[15 marks for this question]
3. Critically review zone and field models used for compartment fire modelling. Provide
examples and critically analyse the main assumptions, limitations, advantages and
disadvantages of these models.
[15 marks for this part]
4. The underside of a smoky layer 14m x 9m is radiating like a flat, isotropic plate at
510°C to the floor of a compartment 2.15m below, mean emissivity is 0.41, the floor is
homogenous/flat plate at 35°C, FIND the rate of heat transfer from the smoky layer to
the floor?
1
Useful figures & formulae:
Q = F12A(TH4 − TC4 )
(1)
(1 + X 2 )(1 + Y 2 )
ln
2
2
2
(
1+ X +Y )
F12 =
XY
X
Y
+ Y 1 + X 2 arctan
− X arctan X − Y arctan Y
+ X 1 + Y 2 arctan
1+Y 2
1+ X 2
(2)
Where X = a / z and Y = b / z
Figure 1. Parallel plates
[20 marks for this part]
2
2
3
⎯
⎯
atomic number
symbol
Hydrogen
⎯
name
⎯
4
3
2
1
Table 3. Periodic table of elements
0
2
He
Helium
1
3
Li
4
Be
relative atomic mass
5
B
6
C
7
N
8
O
9
F
4
10
Ne
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
7
11
Na
9
12
Mg
11
13
Al
12
14
Si
14
15
P
16
16
S
19
17
Cl
20
18
Ar
Sodium
Magnesium
Transition Elements
Aluminum
Silicon
Sulphur
Chlorine
Argon
23
19
K
24
20
Ca
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
21
22
23
24
25⎯⎯→26
27
28
29
30
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Phosphoru
s
27
31
Ga
28
32
Ge
31
33
As
32
34
Se
35.5
35
Br
40
36
Kr
Potassiu
m
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
39
37
Rb
40
38
Sr
45
39
Y
48
40
Zr
51
41
Nb
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
85
55
Cs
88
56
Ba
89
Cesium
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
55
43
Tc
56
44
Ru
59
45
Rh
59
46
Pd
64
47
Ag
65
48
Cd
70
49
In
73
50
Sn
75
51
Sb
79
52
Te
80
53
I
84
54
Xe
Molybdenum
Technetium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
93
73
Ta
96
74
W
(98)
75
Re
Rutheniu
m
101
76
Os
103
77
Ir
106
78
Pt
108
79
Au
112
80
Hg
115
81
Tl
119
82
Pb
122
83
Bi
128
84
Po
127
85
At
131
86
Rn
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
178
104
Rf
181
105
Db
184
106
Sg
186
107
Bh
190
108
Hs
192
109
Mt
195
110
Uun
197
111
Uuu
201
112
Uub
204
113
Uut
207
114
Uuq
209
115
Uup
(209)
116
Uuh
(210)
117
|Uuh
(222)
118
Uuo
Rutherfordiu
m
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
(262)
(263)
(262)
(265)
(266)
Chromiu
m
Mangane
se
Niobium
91
72
Hf
Barium
133
87
Fr
137
88
Ra
Francium
Radium
(223)
(226)
57-71
89-103
(261)
52
42
Mo
Ununnilium Unununium
(269)
Ununbium
(272)
(277)
Ununtritium Ununquadiu Ununpentiu Ununhexium Ununhexiu Ununoctium
m
m
m
-
(289)
-
(289)
-
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
71
Lu
Lanthanu
m
Cerium
Praseodymiu
m
Neodymiu
m
Promethiu
m
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosiu
m
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
139
89
Ac
140
90
Th
141
91
Pa
144
92
U
(147)
93
Np
Samariu
m
150
94
Pu
152
95
Am
157
96
Cm
159
97
Bk
163
98
Cf
165
99
Es
167
100
Fm
169
101
Md
173
102
No
175
103
Lr
Actinium
Thorium
Protactiniu
m
Uranium
Plutonium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrenciu
m
232
231
238
Americiu
m
Curium
(227)
Neptuniu
m
(247)
(247)
(249)
(254)
(253)
(256)
(254)
(257)
(237)
(244)
(243)
3
(293)
6
1
1
H
5. A new type of insulating board has been developed by that esteemed
construction company Kaput Ltd. They warn that at extremely high heat fluxes it
could be ignited, but they don’t think it’s very likely and it would take hours, so
there’s no real risk!
As an expert on the ignitability of materials you are asked to perform a thick/thin
calaculation given the following data on the material:
Density
Thermal conductivity
Specific heat capacity
Thickness of board
Initial/ambient laboratory temperature
Ignition temperature
2300 kg m-3
0.82 W m-1 K-1
824 J kg-1 K-1
7mm
18°C
410°C
It is considered that if 20 kW m-2 would be enough to ignite most materials (i.e.
indicative of flashover fires). Perhaps something easy to ignite would only require
10 kW m-2. Would this material ignite within ten minutes if exposed to 10 kW m-2?
Useful formulae:
= k / c
= k c
= t
T
tTHICK = 4 kc
Q
T
tTHIN = cL
Q
2
[25 marks]
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