Progress CheckUse this activity to assess whether you and your peers can: Based on information about a sampling distribution of sample proportions, use the Normal Distribution Calculator to find a two-tailed probability.Learn by DoingUse the rubric at the bottom of this page as a guide for completing this assignment.DirectionsSubmit your work:Commit a good-faith effort to address all items in the Prompt section below. Please be sure to number your responses.Complete your assigned peer reviews:After you submit your initial good-faith attempt, continue to the ANSWER(S) page and review your instructor's response. But please do not submit your corrected work yet.Within three days after the due date, return to this assignment and complete your assigned peer reviews (directions (Links to an external site.)).Submit your corrected work:We all learn from mistakes (our own and our classmates' mistakes). So please do not immediately correct your own mistakes. If possible, wait until you receive feedback from at least one of your peers. If necessary, correct your work and resubmit the entire assignment. Your instructor will only review and grade your most recent submission, so please do not refer to a previous submission.PromptRecall the use of data from the National Health Survey to estimate behaviors such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and hours of sleep for all U.S. adults. In the 2005-2007 report, they estimated that 30% of all current smokers started smoking before the age of 16.Suppose that we randomly select 100 U.S. adults who are smokers and find that 25% of this sample started smoking before the age of 16. Is this much error surprising? Find the probability that a sample proportion will be an over- or underestimate of the parameter by more than 5%.I

Spam Email Filters. This assignment is Question #60 on page 219 of the textbook (Anderson, D.R., et al, 2020).A study by Forbes indicated that the five most common words appearing in spam emails are shipping!, today!, here!, available, and fingertips!. Many spam filters separate spam from ham (email not considered to be spam) through application of Bayes' theorem. Suppose that for one email account, 1 in every 10 messages is spam and the proportions of spam messages that have the five most common words in spam email are given below.shipping!0.051today!0.045here!0.034available0.014fingertips!0.014Also suppose that the proportions of ham messages that have these words are:shipping!0.0015today!0.0022here!0.0022available0.0041fingertips!0.0011a. If a message includes the word shipping!, what is the percent probability the message is spam? If a message includes the word shipping!, what is the percent probability the message is ham? Should messages that include the word shipping! be flagged as spam?b. If a message includes the word today!, what is the percent probability the message is spam? If a message includes the word here!, what is the percent probability the message is spam? Which of these two words is a stronger indicator that a message is spam? Why?c. If a messages includes the word available, what is the percent probability the message is spam? If a message includes the word fingertips!, what is the percent probability the message is spam? Which of these two words is a stronger indicator that a message is spam? Why?d. What insights to the results of parts (b) and (c) yield about what enables a spam filter that uses Bayes' theorem to work effectively?Requirement:Submit your Excel spreadsheet and written conclusion here, indicated in percentages. Your conclusion can be written in Excel or in a Word document. You will be graded on your completion of the calculations in Excel and the explanation of your conclusion. Remember to use good grammar, spelling, and punctuation in your explanation and include citations if references are used to support your explanation. This assignment is worth 50 points.

Using the attached data ("Car Weight and MPG.sav"), compute and interpret the relationship between:Car Weight (“Weight”) and miles per gallon consumed (“CityMPG”)For this regression analysis, state the following:A clear research question appropriate for a linear regression: (e.g., Is X a significant predictor of Y?")Null and research hypotheses that align clearly and neatly with your RQ.Description of the variables used.Your dependent and independent variables. (Clearly explain your rationale as to why which is which.)State the sample size, along with the mean, standard deviation, and range (min & max) for each variable, in a paragraph format. (Do not just include a table, and not talk about it.)State the rationale for applying regression analysis in this investigation using appropriate readings and resources in Module 5. (Please cite specific references.)Findings in an APA format. (This includes the wording of the finding and the tables/figures included.)Use the following link to provide the template: https://www.slideshare.net/plummer48/reporting-a-single-linear-regression-in-apaAlso add a clear interpretation of the R-square value in your finding. See last page: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.531434!/file/MASH_simple_linear_regression_SPSS.pdfNote: Even if the p-value in the SPSS output shows ".000," write it out as "p < .001."Write out your regression equation, and state the predicted miles per gallon for cars that weighs 3,000 and 4,000 pounds. (Clearly show the calculations and steps involved.)Include the SPSS output in your appendix.Car Weight and MPG.sav