Choose one of the following, not all.Option 1) Choose from the following list of topics. Use interNet research (Include your list of URLs) to write a 1200 word paper using one of the following topics. In your own words, tell me about it. Graphics are essential. 1) Astronomy in the Ancient World. 2) Astronomy in PreHistoric Times. 3) Formation of the solar system. 4) Global Warming from an astronomer's perspective. Option 2) Extract the appropriate 'all sky' chart from the set of pdfs that I have sent you. Study and sketch one of the major constellations in the night sky. Locate one of the brighter constellations, and sketch all the stars in it that are visible from a location inside the urban area of Halifax, Include all of the constellation's area. Now travel to a dark sky location, at least 20 kilometers away from any urban light pollution, and "fatten" your sketch, using a different symbol for each of the new faint stars that you can now see. Write a mini essay (600 words or so) about light pollution. When you have your sketch finished, scan it ( or photograph it) and send it to me with your writeup. If your sending a picture make sure you save it as a jpeg and use good light to shoot it so it show's your work properlyOption 3) Sketch a detailed map of the moon through a telescope operating at a magnification of 50 times or higher. Note: The Moon is not visible every evening – some planning is needed here! As the BGO is not available, this must be done with a telescope you own or borrow. Your sketch should show the major features visible, and some detail. Take your time, and use a soft pencil. This task is more difficult than it sounds, but the results can be quite satisfying. Include with your drawing a short (400 words) note about when, where, what instrument used the sky conditions and your “feelings” about the effort.... This can be very rewarding, but also a bit trickier than it sounds? I suspect you will never look at the moon in the same way again. When you have your sketch finished, scan it ( or photograph it) and send it to me with your writeup. If your sending a picture make sure you jpeg it and use good light to shoot it so it show's your work properly.

Edwin Hubble's observations of the Andromeda "nebula" in 1924, using the then new 100 inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, lead to the understanding that the Milky Way was not the only galaxy, but one of a countless large groups of stars in our Universe. Within this new field of astronomy, Hubble devised a classification system for galaxies based on their observed shape and structure. In this laboratory exercise, you will use Stellarium to observe a number of galaxies and attempt to classify them using Hubble's system. For this project piece, use a computer simulation to examine the concept of habitable zones around other stars or examine and classify a range of galaxies. Please read through the assignment background information and follow the steps listed in the lab assignment instructions. You will be asked to form a hypothesis, state the lab objective, record your measurements and calculations, and answer each of the lab questions. Follow the instructions contained within and submit your results as this project deliverable. Submit your paper with a title page and in APA format Module 05 – A Universe of Galaxies Edwin Hubble’s observations of the Andromeda “nebula” in 1924, using the then new 100 inch telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, lead to the understanding that the Milky Way was not the only galaxy, but one of a countless large groups of stars in our Universe. Within this new field of astronomy, Hubble devised a classification system for galaxies based on their observed shape and structure. In this laboratory exercise, you will use Stellarium to observe a number of galaxies and attempt to classify them using Hubble’s system. Background Question – Describe the major Hubble galaxy classifications and how they are organized on Hubble’s “turning fork”. Object: Explain the purpose of this laboratory assignment in your own words. What do you think you will accomplish or learn from this exercise? Hypothesis: Write a simple hypothesis connected to observed properties of galaxies that you will be able to test using the Stellarium software (for example, most galaxies are spiral in shape like our Milky Way). Procedure Open the Stellarium software. Open the Sky and Viewing options window (F4). Under the “Sky” tab, uncheck the Atmosphere. Select the Landscape tab and uncheck “Show ground”.Open the Search window (F3) and enter Andromeda Galaxy. The view should shift to center on the Andromeda Galaxy. Scroll your mouse wheel forward to zoom in until you can see the Andromeda Galaxy in detail.Based on the Andromeda Galaxy’s shape and appearance, record on the lab data table which major type of galaxy you think it is (Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular). Make a note if you see any particular interesting features (color, if spiral is there a bar, if a galaxy is interacting with another galaxy)Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each galaxy listed on the data table. You make need to zoom in or out to see the selected in detail.Continue using Stellarium if you need further information to test your individual hypothesis. If you need further direction, please ask your instructor. Q1: From the list of galaxies given, did you find more of classification group then the other? Q2: Did you observe any spiral galaxies with a bar structure? Q3: Where all the elliptical galaxies all the same exact shape? Q3: Did you notice a difference in general color between elliptical and spiral galaxies? Q4: Which classification group showed evidence of ongoing star formation (visible new O and B blue stars)? Conclusion: In 1-2 paragraphs, explain if your observations and data support or conflict with your hypothesis and if you have met your assignment objective. Was there any portion of the assignment that was particularly interesting or difficult? Galaxy Classification Type Interesting Features Andromeda M33 LMC SMC M51 M58 M60 M63 M81 M82 M86 M87 M88 M90 M91 M94 M99 M100 M102 M106 M109