Policy theories are academic models that seek to understand why some public policies are implemented or not implemented. Those concerned with an analysis of public policy use policy theories to understand the intersection of policy-making and public policy. Whereas there are many, many different policy theories; you will focus on elite theory, group theory, and institutional theory.Elite theory is premised on the idea that a small group of elites affect public policies. These elites could further understand as political elites (important members of government, “Washington insiders”), social elites (movie stars, musicians, athletes, etc.), or economic elites (Wall Street, the 1%, etc.).Group theory is premised on the idea that groups of individuals advocate a common, public policy concern, that then affects public policy. Groups span the political, economic, and social public policy spectrum. Here are a couple of groups that advocate particular, public policies: pro-choice advocates (Planned Parenthood), pro-life advocates (Susan B Anthony List), gun rights advocates (National Rifle Association), and gun control advocates (Everytown for Gun Safety).Institutional theory is premised on the idea that institutions affect public policies. Whereas government (both in the capacity of federalism and the executive, legislative, and judicial branches) is typically the focus of institutional theorists; other institutions such as corporations, non-profits, political parties, etc., can also affect public policy. It is the collective interaction of these various institutions that results in policy formation. *See the Unit 4 Overview for a detailed example how Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) resulted from an amalgamation of institutional input.Directions: Using the following outline template, craft a full sentence outline. Lumen’s Principles of Public Speaking has an excellent example of a full sentence outline. Please include the following:Select two specific examples of public policy from one of the following fields:Economic policyAn example of economic policy is U.S. budget deficit spending.Education policyAn example of education policy is the implementation of national education standards.Environmental policyAn example of environmental policy is the Clean Air Act.Foreign policyAn example of foreign policy is how we conduct trade with other countries.Healthcare policyAn example of healthcare policy is the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)Welfare policyAn example of welfare policy is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).For each example, explain how this public policy can be analyzed by one of the following policy theories: elite theory, group theory, and/or institutional theory.Why is your chosen policy choice better than the other theories?Support your response with at least two different reasons.What are the strengths and/or flaws of using this policy theory in your example?Support your response with at least two different examples.How does your chosen, policy theory inform the policy cycle in your example?Support your examples with information from the text Public Policy Michael E. Kraft / Scott R. Furlong and at least two, additional academic sources.Correct grammar and syntax.APA format.

1. Provide an example of an organism within each of the four main nutritional categories of microbes and describe how each obtains its essential nutrients.2. Provide evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: Microbial life can exist in the complete absence of sunlight or organic nutrients. 3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments. Explain why the discovery of thermophilic archaea and their associated DNA polymerases was critical to the success of this technique.4. Summarize how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell. Explain whether or not the term chemiosmosis accurately illustrates this process. Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill