How the immune system works together with all its different parts mentioned to defend body.

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Science

Description

What is the difference between how the immune system defends against viruses, bacteria, and pollen. Explain using vocabulary that plays a role in immune system such as T-suppressor cells, macrophages, neutrophils, helper T-cells, antibody production, antibodies, antigens, killer T- cells, inflammatory response, and mast cells that produce histamine. I already know what all of those are, but I want to know how they all work together to defend the body against the invaders mentioned earlier.

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Explanation & Answer

The immune system is divided into cellular and humoral immunity.docx

The immune system is divided into cellular and humoral immunity. The humoral immunity involves natural barriers that protect against invasion by microorganisms. Cellular immunity involves cells such as mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes etc. To defend the body, the antigens are recognized and presented to the immune cells by antigen presenting cells. The T-helper cells help in recognizing pathogens. If the pathogen is a bacterium, it triggers neutrophil production. If its virus, it triggers the lymphocytic response. Parasites trigger release of esinophils. Mast cells produce histamine in response to allergic stimuli such as pollen. After the antigen is presented to immune cells, the body may trigger an inflammatory response that supposed to help in getting rid of the pathogen. However, at times this may get out of hand and be detrimental to the persons health, e.g. in Asthmatic attack. T-suppressor cells reduce the level of the body response to pathogens and may serve to reduce inflammation. Natural killer cells are part of T-lymphocytes and they kill any cell that cannot be recognized by the body as ‘being own’. They are part of cellular immunity. Antibodies are produced by type B lymphocytes and they neutralize antigens that are circulating in the body to cause illness. Macrophages are found in various tissues such as lungs, liver and spleen where they capture and engulf invading microorganisms such as bacteria and kill/digest them


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