Compare and contrast the various forms of business organizations. Decide which structure is best suited for your class project (Assignment 1) and indicate why. From the e-Activity, infer what the trends you researched indicate for the future of entrepreneurs securing financing for their ventures and then infer how entrepreneurs should act. Provide support for your response. e-Activity Research the Internet or the Strayer Library for trends in financing ventures during the recent economic downturn. Be prepared to discuss.

Choose two of the arguments below and write a direct proof using the eight rules of inference introduced in section 8.1 of the textbook. You can do argument 1 or argument 2, but not both, then any of arguments 3–6. Note that commas are used to separate the premises from each other.1. ~M, (~M • ~N) → (Q → P), P → R, ~N, therefore, Q → R2. ~F → ~G, P → ~Q, ~F v P, (~G v ~Q) → (L • M), therefore, L3. ~(Z v Y) → ~W, ~U → ~(Z v Y), (~U → ~W) → (T → S), S → (R v P), [T → (RvP)] → [(~R v K) • ~K], therefore, ~K4. (S v U) • ~U, S → [T • (F v G)], [T v (J • P)] → (~B • E), therefore, S • ~B5. ~X → (~Y → ~Z), X v (W → U), ~Y v W, ~X • T, (~Z v U) → ~S, therefore, (R v ~S) • T6. (C → Q) • (~L → ~R), (S → C) • (~N → ~L), ~Q • J, ~Q → (S v ~N), therefore, ~RNatural deduction is so called because it is a model for how we naturally reason. This often comes as a surprise to students because all of the symbols seem anything but natural. The symbols, however, allow us to focus on the form of the argument without getting bogged down by content. Recall that each sentence letter represents a simple sentence in English.After writing your direct proofs, construct a translation key for your argument by assigning each letter a simple sentence, and use that key to fill in the content of the argument.

INSTRUCTIONS Instructions If the question requires computation, do the calculations and then give or select the correct values using the following rule: Keep at least 4 decimal places at intermediate steps of a calculation, and round your final answer to 2 decimal places, unless otherwise noted.   For example: 16.6667 would become 16.67 after rounding Question 1 A survey of Ohio University students was conducted to determine if there was a particular Green that was desired by students to live on. A sample of students responses are reproduced below. Do students prefer a particular Green? Use critical value = 5.99. Use the numbers below for this question only! West Green       South Green        East Green 36                    82                        118 What would the expected value for the West Green be? Question 2 A survey of Ohio University students was conducted to determine if there was a particular Green that was desired by students to live on. A sample of students responses are reproduced below. Do students prefer a particular Green? Use critical value = 5.99. Use the numbers below for this question only! West Green       South Green        East Green 27                    50                        77 What is the calculated chi-squared value? Question 3 Using a critical value of 5.99, was there a significant preference for where students live based on the obtained chi-square value in Question 2? Yes No Question 4 A local sports bar wanted to determine whether Ohio University students prefer a particular type of food in their establishment. A sample of students responses are reproduced below. Do students prefer a particular type of bar food? Use critical value = 6.58. Use the numbers below for this question only! Nachos  Pizza  Chicken Wings        Cheese Sticks   38               29                    48                          33 What would the expected value for Cheese Sticks be? Question 5 A local sports bar wanted to determine whether Ohio University students prefer a particular type of food in their establishment. A sample of students responses are reproduced below. Do students prefer a particular type of bar food? Use critical value = 6.58. Use the numbers below for this question only! Nachos  Pizza  Chicken Wings        Cheese Sticks   42               37                    42                          42 What is the calculated chi-squared value? Question 6 Using a critical value of 6.58, was there a significant preference for what students eat in a sports bar based on the obtained chi-square value in Question 5? Yes No Question 7 In a study of binge drinking among undergraduates at Ohio University, a researcher was interested in gender differences as related to binge drinking and to drinking-related arrests. She wanted to know two things: (a) Is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking (as defined by 5 or more drinks at one sitting), and (b) Is there a significant relationship between gender and drinking-related arrests? A random sample of males and females were asked about their experiences with binge drinking and with drinking-related arrests. Use the numbers below for this question only! Binge Drinking? YES  NO Male  285         242 Female 236         240 What would the expected value for the "male-yes" cell be? Question 8 In a study of binge drinking among undergraduates at Ohio University, a researcher was interested in gender differences as related to binge drinking and to drinking-related arrests. She wanted to know two things: (a) Is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking (as defined by 5 or more drinks at one sitting), and (b) Is there a significant relationship between gender and drinking-related arrests? A random sample of males and females were asked about their experiences with binge drinking and with drinking-related arrests. Use the numbers below for this question only! Binge Drinking? YES  NO Male  265         241 Female 225         295 What would the expected value for the "female-no" cell be? Question 9 In a study of binge drinking among undergraduates at Ohio University, a researcher was interested in gender differences as related to binge drinking and to drinking-related arrests. She wanted to know two things: (a) Is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking (as defined by 5 or more drinks at one sitting), and (b) Is there a significant relationship between gender and drinking-related arrests? A random sample of males and females were asked about their experiences with binge drinking and with drinking-related arrests. Test for a relationship in the following data: Use the numbers below for this question only! Binge Drinking? YES  NO Male  49         21 Female 25         47 What is the calculated chi-squared value? Question 10 Using a critical value of 3.84, and based on the obtained chi-square value in Question 9, is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking? Yes No Question 11 In a study of binge drinking among undergraduates at Ohio University, a researcher was interested in gender differences as related to binge drinking and to drinking-related arrests. She wanted to know two things: (a) Is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking (as defined by 5 or more drinks at one sitting), and (b) Is there a significant relationship between gender and drinking-related arrests? A random sample of males and females were asked about their experiences with binge drinking and with drinking-related arrests. Use the numbers below for this question only! Experience Alcohol-related Arrest?                                YES  NO   Male  205         244   Female 248         211 What would the expected value for the "male-no" cell be? Question 12 In a study of binge drinking among undergraduates at Ohio University, a researcher was interested in gender differences as related to binge drinking and to drinking-related arrests. She wanted to know two things: (a) Is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking (as defined by 5 or more drinks at one sitting), and (b) Is there a significant relationship between gender and drinking-related arrests? A random sample of males and females were asked about their experiences with binge drinking and with drinking-related arrests. Use the numbers below for this question only! Experience Alcohol-related Arrest? YES  NO Male  249         267 Female 286         282 What would the expected value for the "female-yes" cell be? Question 13 In a study of binge drinking among undergraduates at Ohio University, a researcher was interested in gender differences as related to binge drinking and to drinking-related arrests. She wanted to know two things: (a) Is there a significant relationship between gender and binge drinking (as defined by 5 or more drinks at one sitting), and (b) Is there a significant relationship between gender and drinking-related arrests? A random sample of males and females were asked about their experiences with binge drinking and with drinking-related arrests. Test for a relationship in the following data: Use the numbers below for this question only! Experience Alcohol-related Arrest? YES  NO Male  35         23 Female 20         50 What is the calculated chi-squared value? Question 14 Using a critical value of 3.84, and based on the obtained chi-square value in Question 13, is there a significant relationship between gender and alcohol-related arrests? Yes No Question 15 Which of the following shows relationships between measurement variables? Bar graph Line graph Pie chart Pictogram Scatterplot Question 16 Papa Johns conducted a survey of 100 nursing students taking statistics to determine what toppings they preferred on their pizza. Data handlers converted students' responses into a pie (no pun intended) chart to display the results clearly to upper management. Did the data handlers do a good job in constructing a quality statistical picture?  Examine the statistical picture below and if you see a feature that is problematic (e.g., inaccurate or misleading), place your cursor over that feature and click. If you change your mind, click on the clear button on the bottom left and you can begin again. If you decide the statistical picture contains no problematic features, click just above the word "cheese."  (Hint:  Check out the components of a well-designed statistical picture that are listed on page 7 of the Module 6 course notes, such as appropriate Title, correct Source, etc.) If you are having problems getting your choice to register and save, then you are probably not using the Firefox browser. Switching to the Firefox browser should remedy the problem. If the problem persists, let your moderator know what your choice is BEFORE THE ASSIGNMENT DEADLINE! Question 17 For which of the following scenarios would a line graph be most appropriate? Eye color of babies Percentage of men and women in occupational therapy positions Number of patients admitted to a hospital each year from 1990 to 2010 Number of patients on each floor of the hospital yesterday Question 18 Which of the following is not a true statement about bar graphs? The horizontal axis does not need to be labeled for a bar graph. Bar graphs show percentages or frequencies in various categories. Bar graphs represent categorical data. Pictograms are similar to bar graphs except they use pictures related to the topic. Question 19 A chi-square test for independence is appropriate with 1 measurement variable 2 measurement variables 1 categorical variable 2 categorical variables