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A patient is admitted to the emergency room of a hospital complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. Upon receiving the test results, it is determined that the individual is experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI). What anatomical changes occur during this condition, and what is/are the likely consequence(s)? comment 1. A patient is admitted to the emergency room of a hospital complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. When a patient enters the hospital complaining of chest pain, the nurses/doctors usually prioritize this patients needs because they are aware that this would be this could be the first sign of an upcoming myocardial infarction(MI), also known as a heart attack. "Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygenated blood. Without oxygen, muscle cells served by the blocked artery begin to die, or infarct"(Day, 2017). According to our textbook, Coronary Artery Disease is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States(Martini, p.558, 2017). This begins whenever arteries become hardened which can lead to the narrowing of those arteries. When this occurs, it means that there is a buildup in the arteries that compromise the blood supply to the heart muscle. The build up occurs because of cholesterol, calcium, and plaque. The heart muscle is a "pump" that helps transport blood all throughout the body. Most importantly, the arteries that may have been narrowed, transport oxygenated blood, and without this oxygen, muscle cells will quickly die. When the blood leading to the heart muscle decreases, it is termed cardiac ischemia. "Cardiac ischemia causes heart pain known as angina, which is usually manifested as a crushing, smothering chest discomfort that may radiate to the back, neck, jaw, or left arm"(Martini, p. 558, 2017). When the blood flow to the heart is low, it can affect the hearts ability to contract properly. This leads to irregular heart beats, and potentially even heart failure. References Day, J. A. (2017, June 2). Conditions We Treat: Myocardial Infarction: Johns Hopkins Heart and Vascular Institute. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/conditions/myocardial_infarction.html. Martini, F. H., Tallitsch, R. B., & Nath, J. L. (2017). Human Anatomy (9th ed.). The Sympathetic Division. Glenview, IL: Pearson. comment 2. A myocardial infarction, otherwise known as a heart attack, occurs when "a blood clot forms at the site of a plaque and suddenly blocks [an] artery completely" (Martini, p. 558). Arteries can slowly become occluded with calcium, cholesterol, and plaque due to poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and genetics. In the case of this patient, the arterial occlusion has resulted in a full blockage which in turn caused the MI. The consequences of this serious medical event would be scarring of the heart muscle, "which affects the heart's ability to contract properly" (Martini, p. 558). If the damage is too extensive and proper blood flow cannot be restored in a timely fashion, surgical intervention will be necessary to preserve the patient's life. A heart attack can certainly be life threatening; attention must be paid to remediating the factors of poor health that caused the event to ensure it does not happen again. In your estimation, what are the steps this patient should take to make sure they do not experience another MI?  

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