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Mat205 Project 2 1
Once you understand descriptive statistics and calculate statistical measures by hand, the ability to use spreadsheet form ...
Mat205 Project 2 1
Once you understand descriptive statistics and calculate statistical measures by hand, the ability to use spreadsheet formulas to assist with these ...
Grossmont College Module 14 Probability of Drawing a Random Sample Questions
You are studying with one of your classmates who is acing this class. She displays the following picture.
Then she pulls ...
Grossmont College Module 14 Probability of Drawing a Random Sample Questions
You are studying with one of your classmates who is acing this class. She displays the following picture.
Then she pulls out a new deck of cards. She removes the plastic wrap from the deck of new cards, opens the box, and pulls out the cards. She removes the jokers and any other cards not displayed in the picture above. Then she starts shuffling the cards - which is difficult because the cards are brand new and slippery. She continues to shuffle and reshuffle until you agree that the deck is well-shuffled. Then she sets the deck down.
To verify that you know how to calculate various probabilities for a randomly drawn card, she asks the following questions which you answer correctly.
If I randomly select a card, what is the probability of drawing a red card?
YOUR ANSWER: 26/52 = 0.5 or 50%
If I randomly select a card, what is the probability of drawing a 9?
YOUR ANSWER: 4/52 ?? 0.0769 or 7.69%
If I randomly select a sample of two cards, what is the probability that both cards are red?
YOUR ANSWER: (26/52)(25/51) ?? 0.2451 or 24.51%
In the above calculation you multiplied, (26/52)(25/51). Why?
YOUR ANSWER: Randomly selecting a sample of two cards means we draw two cards - one at a time without replacement. So a random sample of two red cards means the first card is red and the second card is red. When we randomly select the first card, the probability we draw a red card is 26 red cards out of 52 total cards, or 26/52. We set that first red card aside. So, when we randomly select the second card, there are only 25 red cards out of a total of 51 cards, so the probability we get a red card is 25/51. We need to calculate the probability that the first card is red AND the second card is red. So we multiply the two fractions together, (26/52)(25/51).
Then your classmate says, "O.K. Let's make a little bet. If you draw a black card, I will help you with all remaining homework in this class." If not, you must wash and wax my car for me. Since she opened a brand new deck of cards right in front of you and you verified they were well-shuffled, you know the probability of drawing a black card is 0.5 or 50%, so you agree to the bet.
She picks up the deck of cards, fans them out (face down of course), and asks you to randomly select a card. You select a card and turn it over. It's red - not black.
You set the card aside and ask to try again. She reluctantly agrees and warns that if you lose, you will have to wash and wax her car twice. But if you win, you will not have to wash and wax her car, and she will help you with your homework as promised. You draw another card. It's red - not black.
You set the card on top of the previously drawn red card and ask to try a third time. Again, she reluctantly agrees, and you draw another card. It's red - not black. You must now wash and wax her car three times. You decide to quickly calculate the probability of randomly selecting a sample of three red cards.
2652?2551?2450?0.11762652?2551?2450?0.1176 or 11.76%
You set the card on top of the previously drawn red cards and think, "The next card has to be black." You ask to try a fourth time. Again, she reluctantly agrees, and you draw another card. It's red - not black. You now have a random sample of 4 red cards, and you must wash and wax her car four times.
You set the card on the stack of previously drawn red cards, and ask to try again. Once again, she reluctantly agrees, and you draw another card.
Prompt
What is the probability of drawing a random sample of 4 red cards (write the probability as a decimal and a percentage)? Would you consider the random sample of 4 red cards unusual? Why or why not?
What is the probability of drawing a random sample of 5 red cards (write the probability as a decimal and a percentage)? Would you consider the random sample of 5 red cards unusual? Why or why not?
When your classmate began shuffling the deck of cards, what obvious assumption did you believe was true? If you draw a random sample of 5 red cards from the deck, should you reject that assumption? Why or why not?
Based on your responses to the previous question, what will you infer about the deck of cards?
Sensitivity, specificity, epidemiology
sensitivity & specificity Similar to converting Fahrenheit to Celsius (E.g., 98.6o F – 32 x 5 / 9 = 37o C ...
Sensitivity, specificity, epidemiology
sensitivity & specificity Similar to converting Fahrenheit to Celsius (E.g., 98.6o F – 32 x 5 / 9 = 37o C) and back (E.g., 37o C x 9 / 5 + 32 = 98.6o F), these problems require you to work backwards and forward from the data given.Also, all the clues and formulas you need are on PPT, E.g., a + c / total pop = prevalence.Remember, be sensitive to the ill. Read the Evaluating Screening Tests. Then proceed to answer the scenario questions. See attached file Scenario 1: The prevalence (a + c in the table below) of previously undetected diabetes in a population to be screened is approximately 1.5% and it is assumed that 10,000 persons will be screened.The screening test will measure blood serum sugar content.A value of 180 mg/dl or higher is considered positive.The sensitivity (a) and the specificity (d) associated with this screening are 22.9% and 99.8% respectively. Questions 1-9: Using the information on the PPT set up a two by two table with the appropriate numbers in each cell of the table.Round to the nearest whole number, but only after you have completed all the calculations down through.(Condition Absent or Present is determined by symptoms.) (1 point per box) Ills Wells Total people Positive tests (A or True +) (B or False +) (A+B or all positive tests) Negative tests (C or False - ) (D or True -) (C+D or all negative tests) Total tests (A+C or all ills) (B+D or all wells) 10,000 Total Population Calculate as indicated Answer 10. The percentage of false positives among all those without the condition (the Type I Error Rate, or 1 – specificity), or b / (b + d) 11.The percentage of false negatives among all those with the condition (the Type II Error Rate, or 1 – sensitivity), or c / (a + c) 12.The predictive value of a positive (PPV) test, or = a / (a + b) 13.The predictive value of a negative (NPV) test, or = d / (c + d) 14. Based on the calculations above, how many false positives and negatives will occur if 100,000 people are screened? Scenario 2: To observe the effect of increasing sensitivity, assume a blood sugar screening level of 130 mg/dl, with (A) sensitivity of 44.3% and (D) specificity of 99.0%. Use the values for a + c from the table below to calculate prevalence.Questions 15-23: Using the information in thePPT, set up a two by two table with the appropriate numbers in each cell of the table.Round to the nearest whole number, but only after you have completed all the calculations down through.(Condition Absent or Present is determined by symptoms.) (1 point per box) Ills Wells Total people Positive tests (A or True +) (B or False +) (A+B or all positive tests) Negative tests (C or False -) (D or True -) (C+D or all negative tests) Total tests (A+C or all ills) (B+D or all wells) 10,000 Total Population Calculate as indicated Answer 24.The percentage of false positives among all those without the condition (the Type I Error Rate, or 1 – specificity), or b / (b + d) 25. The percentage of false negatives among all those with the condition (the Type II Error Rate, or 1 – sensitivity), or c / (a + c) 26.The predictive value of a positive (PPV) test, or = a / (a + b) 27. The predictive value of a negative (NPV) test, or d / (c + d) 28.Based on the calculations above, how many false positives (b x 10) and negatives (c x 10) will occur if 100,000 people are screened? Select a laboratory test and describe its: 29. Explain the clinical significance of a diagnostic test’s sensitivity and specificity. Be specific in your explanation by using a diagnostic test as an example. 30.Compare the findings of Scenario 1 and 2.If you were the director for the diabetes screening program would you prefer to screen at 130 mg or 180 mg percent? Explain why. Resources:Textbook: Katz, D., Elmore, J., Wild, D., Lucan, S. (2013). Jekel's epidemiology, biostatistics, preventive medicine, and public health (4th ed). New York, NY: Elsevier.Chapter 1 Basic Epidemiologic Concepts and PrinciplesChapter 2 Epidemiologic Data MeasurementsChapter 6 Assessment of Risk and Benefits in Epidemiological Studies – not sure if this fits hereChapter 23 Birth Outcomes: A Global PerspectiveTextbook: Macha, K., & McDonough, J. P. (2012). Epidemiology for advanced nursing practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett LearningChapters 2 and 6.
Module 6 SPSS Data Interpretation, statistics homework help
Details:A correlation determines if there is any statistical relationship between variables. The Pearson product-moment co ...
Module 6 SPSS Data Interpretation, statistics homework help
Details:A correlation determines if there is any statistical relationship between variables. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient measures the relationship between two variables. In this assignment, you will review the SPSS output for a correlation and use it to answer questions about the groups. You will also review the SPSS output to determine if a correlation exists between the variables.General Requirements:Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:Review "SPSS Access Instructions" for information on how to access SPSS for this assignment.Download "SPSS Data Set Legend" for use with this assignment.Download "Module 6 Correlation SPSS Output" for use with this assignment.Access the SPSS data set "Drinks.sav" for use with this assignment.Directions: Review the data in the SPSS data set "Drinks.sav" and the SPSS output file, which reports the results of the correlation, to see if there is a correlation between the cost of beer and the number of calories it contains or the cost of beer and the volume of alcohol it contains. Address the following based on your observations of the SPSS output file:Based on the correlation coefficients (r-values) that were computed and their statistical significance, what conclusions do you draw regarding:The researcher's question of correlation between the cost of beer and the number of calories it contains.The researcher's question of correlation between the cost of beer and the volume of alcohol it contains.Please complete the assignment as required and please use the appropriate references , if applicable, and cite in APA 6th edition format. Please see the attached documentation for completion of assignment.
3 pages
Statistics Chi Square
According to the given scenario, the research question is: is there a difference between male and female doctoral students ...
Statistics Chi Square
According to the given scenario, the research question is: is there a difference between male and female doctoral students in regard to whether they ...
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4 pages
Mat205 Project 2 1
Once you understand descriptive statistics and calculate statistical measures by hand, the ability to use spreadsheet form ...
Mat205 Project 2 1
Once you understand descriptive statistics and calculate statistical measures by hand, the ability to use spreadsheet formulas to assist with these ...
Grossmont College Module 14 Probability of Drawing a Random Sample Questions
You are studying with one of your classmates who is acing this class. She displays the following picture.
Then she pulls ...
Grossmont College Module 14 Probability of Drawing a Random Sample Questions
You are studying with one of your classmates who is acing this class. She displays the following picture.
Then she pulls out a new deck of cards. She removes the plastic wrap from the deck of new cards, opens the box, and pulls out the cards. She removes the jokers and any other cards not displayed in the picture above. Then she starts shuffling the cards - which is difficult because the cards are brand new and slippery. She continues to shuffle and reshuffle until you agree that the deck is well-shuffled. Then she sets the deck down.
To verify that you know how to calculate various probabilities for a randomly drawn card, she asks the following questions which you answer correctly.
If I randomly select a card, what is the probability of drawing a red card?
YOUR ANSWER: 26/52 = 0.5 or 50%
If I randomly select a card, what is the probability of drawing a 9?
YOUR ANSWER: 4/52 ?? 0.0769 or 7.69%
If I randomly select a sample of two cards, what is the probability that both cards are red?
YOUR ANSWER: (26/52)(25/51) ?? 0.2451 or 24.51%
In the above calculation you multiplied, (26/52)(25/51). Why?
YOUR ANSWER: Randomly selecting a sample of two cards means we draw two cards - one at a time without replacement. So a random sample of two red cards means the first card is red and the second card is red. When we randomly select the first card, the probability we draw a red card is 26 red cards out of 52 total cards, or 26/52. We set that first red card aside. So, when we randomly select the second card, there are only 25 red cards out of a total of 51 cards, so the probability we get a red card is 25/51. We need to calculate the probability that the first card is red AND the second card is red. So we multiply the two fractions together, (26/52)(25/51).
Then your classmate says, "O.K. Let's make a little bet. If you draw a black card, I will help you with all remaining homework in this class." If not, you must wash and wax my car for me. Since she opened a brand new deck of cards right in front of you and you verified they were well-shuffled, you know the probability of drawing a black card is 0.5 or 50%, so you agree to the bet.
She picks up the deck of cards, fans them out (face down of course), and asks you to randomly select a card. You select a card and turn it over. It's red - not black.
You set the card aside and ask to try again. She reluctantly agrees and warns that if you lose, you will have to wash and wax her car twice. But if you win, you will not have to wash and wax her car, and she will help you with your homework as promised. You draw another card. It's red - not black.
You set the card on top of the previously drawn red card and ask to try a third time. Again, she reluctantly agrees, and you draw another card. It's red - not black. You must now wash and wax her car three times. You decide to quickly calculate the probability of randomly selecting a sample of three red cards.
2652?2551?2450?0.11762652?2551?2450?0.1176 or 11.76%
You set the card on top of the previously drawn red cards and think, "The next card has to be black." You ask to try a fourth time. Again, she reluctantly agrees, and you draw another card. It's red - not black. You now have a random sample of 4 red cards, and you must wash and wax her car four times.
You set the card on the stack of previously drawn red cards, and ask to try again. Once again, she reluctantly agrees, and you draw another card.
Prompt
What is the probability of drawing a random sample of 4 red cards (write the probability as a decimal and a percentage)? Would you consider the random sample of 4 red cards unusual? Why or why not?
What is the probability of drawing a random sample of 5 red cards (write the probability as a decimal and a percentage)? Would you consider the random sample of 5 red cards unusual? Why or why not?
When your classmate began shuffling the deck of cards, what obvious assumption did you believe was true? If you draw a random sample of 5 red cards from the deck, should you reject that assumption? Why or why not?
Based on your responses to the previous question, what will you infer about the deck of cards?
Sensitivity, specificity, epidemiology
sensitivity & specificity Similar to converting Fahrenheit to Celsius (E.g., 98.6o F – 32 x 5 / 9 = 37o C ...
Sensitivity, specificity, epidemiology
sensitivity & specificity Similar to converting Fahrenheit to Celsius (E.g., 98.6o F – 32 x 5 / 9 = 37o C) and back (E.g., 37o C x 9 / 5 + 32 = 98.6o F), these problems require you to work backwards and forward from the data given.Also, all the clues and formulas you need are on PPT, E.g., a + c / total pop = prevalence.Remember, be sensitive to the ill. Read the Evaluating Screening Tests. Then proceed to answer the scenario questions. See attached file Scenario 1: The prevalence (a + c in the table below) of previously undetected diabetes in a population to be screened is approximately 1.5% and it is assumed that 10,000 persons will be screened.The screening test will measure blood serum sugar content.A value of 180 mg/dl or higher is considered positive.The sensitivity (a) and the specificity (d) associated with this screening are 22.9% and 99.8% respectively. Questions 1-9: Using the information on the PPT set up a two by two table with the appropriate numbers in each cell of the table.Round to the nearest whole number, but only after you have completed all the calculations down through.(Condition Absent or Present is determined by symptoms.) (1 point per box) Ills Wells Total people Positive tests (A or True +) (B or False +) (A+B or all positive tests) Negative tests (C or False - ) (D or True -) (C+D or all negative tests) Total tests (A+C or all ills) (B+D or all wells) 10,000 Total Population Calculate as indicated Answer 10. The percentage of false positives among all those without the condition (the Type I Error Rate, or 1 – specificity), or b / (b + d) 11.The percentage of false negatives among all those with the condition (the Type II Error Rate, or 1 – sensitivity), or c / (a + c) 12.The predictive value of a positive (PPV) test, or = a / (a + b) 13.The predictive value of a negative (NPV) test, or = d / (c + d) 14. Based on the calculations above, how many false positives and negatives will occur if 100,000 people are screened? Scenario 2: To observe the effect of increasing sensitivity, assume a blood sugar screening level of 130 mg/dl, with (A) sensitivity of 44.3% and (D) specificity of 99.0%. Use the values for a + c from the table below to calculate prevalence.Questions 15-23: Using the information in thePPT, set up a two by two table with the appropriate numbers in each cell of the table.Round to the nearest whole number, but only after you have completed all the calculations down through.(Condition Absent or Present is determined by symptoms.) (1 point per box) Ills Wells Total people Positive tests (A or True +) (B or False +) (A+B or all positive tests) Negative tests (C or False -) (D or True -) (C+D or all negative tests) Total tests (A+C or all ills) (B+D or all wells) 10,000 Total Population Calculate as indicated Answer 24.The percentage of false positives among all those without the condition (the Type I Error Rate, or 1 – specificity), or b / (b + d) 25. The percentage of false negatives among all those with the condition (the Type II Error Rate, or 1 – sensitivity), or c / (a + c) 26.The predictive value of a positive (PPV) test, or = a / (a + b) 27. The predictive value of a negative (NPV) test, or d / (c + d) 28.Based on the calculations above, how many false positives (b x 10) and negatives (c x 10) will occur if 100,000 people are screened? Select a laboratory test and describe its: 29. Explain the clinical significance of a diagnostic test’s sensitivity and specificity. Be specific in your explanation by using a diagnostic test as an example. 30.Compare the findings of Scenario 1 and 2.If you were the director for the diabetes screening program would you prefer to screen at 130 mg or 180 mg percent? Explain why. Resources:Textbook: Katz, D., Elmore, J., Wild, D., Lucan, S. (2013). Jekel's epidemiology, biostatistics, preventive medicine, and public health (4th ed). New York, NY: Elsevier.Chapter 1 Basic Epidemiologic Concepts and PrinciplesChapter 2 Epidemiologic Data MeasurementsChapter 6 Assessment of Risk and Benefits in Epidemiological Studies – not sure if this fits hereChapter 23 Birth Outcomes: A Global PerspectiveTextbook: Macha, K., & McDonough, J. P. (2012). Epidemiology for advanced nursing practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett LearningChapters 2 and 6.
Module 6 SPSS Data Interpretation, statistics homework help
Details:A correlation determines if there is any statistical relationship between variables. The Pearson product-moment co ...
Module 6 SPSS Data Interpretation, statistics homework help
Details:A correlation determines if there is any statistical relationship between variables. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient measures the relationship between two variables. In this assignment, you will review the SPSS output for a correlation and use it to answer questions about the groups. You will also review the SPSS output to determine if a correlation exists between the variables.General Requirements:Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:Review "SPSS Access Instructions" for information on how to access SPSS for this assignment.Download "SPSS Data Set Legend" for use with this assignment.Download "Module 6 Correlation SPSS Output" for use with this assignment.Access the SPSS data set "Drinks.sav" for use with this assignment.Directions: Review the data in the SPSS data set "Drinks.sav" and the SPSS output file, which reports the results of the correlation, to see if there is a correlation between the cost of beer and the number of calories it contains or the cost of beer and the volume of alcohol it contains. Address the following based on your observations of the SPSS output file:Based on the correlation coefficients (r-values) that were computed and their statistical significance, what conclusions do you draw regarding:The researcher's question of correlation between the cost of beer and the number of calories it contains.The researcher's question of correlation between the cost of beer and the volume of alcohol it contains.Please complete the assignment as required and please use the appropriate references , if applicable, and cite in APA 6th edition format. Please see the attached documentation for completion of assignment.
3 pages
Statistics Chi Square
According to the given scenario, the research question is: is there a difference between male and female doctoral students ...
Statistics Chi Square
According to the given scenario, the research question is: is there a difference between male and female doctoral students in regard to whether they ...
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