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essay about 2 question
The assignment is to read the following two essays on comparative advantage and trade, then write a response essay on the ...
essay about 2 question
The assignment is to read the following two essays on comparative advantage and trade, then write a response essay on the topic.1. The first essay is by the economist Paul Krugman, who is a columnist for the New York Times. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008 for his contributions to trade theory. The Nobel Committee explains, "Traditional trade theory assumes that countries are different and explains why some countries export agricultural products whereas others export industrial goods. The new theory clarifies why worldwide trade is in fact dominated by countries which not only have similar conditions, but also trade in similar products – for instance, a country such as Sweden that both exports and imports cars. This kind of trade enables specialization and large-scale production, which result in lower prices and a greater diversity of commodities."Krugman's essay is from a book of essays on international economics. The essay is called "Ricardo's Difficult Idea" and discusses why he believes so few people share the consensus of professional economists on comparative advantage. Link to the essay: http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ricardo.htmLinks to an external site.2. The second essay is titled "A Petition" by the 19th Century political economist Frederic Bastiat. The essay is sometimes also referred to as "The Candlemaker's Petition", and it is a satirical essay that deals with common objections to international trade. Link to the essay: http://econlib.org/library/Bastiat/basSoph3.html#S.1, Ch.7, A Petition (you may have to copy and paste this link).The assignment is to write a response to these essays that discusses the following questions:1) Who was the audience for each essay? How did those audiences differ?2) Are the arguments presented largely positive or normative? Do the authors tones differ?3) What positive argument is each author giving in support of open trade? Do they directly address common objections?and should be at least 1250 words.
Economics- Inflation
View the videos found below then answer the following questions.John Stossel: Currency Conundrum (Links to an external sit ...
Economics- Inflation
View the videos found below then answer the following questions.John Stossel: Currency Conundrum (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.(Click the link above)John Stossel Speaks to Ex Federal Reserve EmployeeDuration: (5:02)User: getzladelron - Added: 7/13/13 [Note: To get full points you should use quotes from the videos and or the text to support your arguments.]1. What is inflation?2. What does inflation do to the value of our money? Is it a good or bad thing? Defend your answer.Specific to "Currency Conundrum":3. David Barker said, "central planning doesn't work as well as markets." What does this mean? Explain why you agree or disagree.4. What do you think about the idea of private money? How do you think it would work? If people were free to use whatever money they trusted, do you think competition would provide incentives for people offering private money to retain the value of their currency and to avoid inflation?Specific to "A History of Booms and Busts":5. According to Stephen Davies, when central banks manipulate the money supply artificial pressure is placed on interest rates since the market is not determining the equilibrium interest rate. This theory helps explains malinvestments. Is this a justifiable theory? Defend your answer.
Westcliff University Pre Money Valuation and Post Money Valuation Questions
Please answer the and provide numerical example for each following questions:● Explain the difference between pre-money ...
Westcliff University Pre Money Valuation and Post Money Valuation Questions
Please answer the and provide numerical example for each following questions:● Explain the difference between pre-money valuation and post-money valuation.● Discuss what is meant by a capitalization (or cap) rate in reference to calculating a terminal value.● What other types of terminal values might be appropriate (i.e., other than smooth growth procedures)?● Describe the process for estimating the percentage of equity ownership that must be given up by the founder when a new equity investment is needed.
PAD 505 NCSU Pringles & Preferences from The Value Added Tax Base Case Study
Pringles and Preferences from the Value-Added Tax Base? Legislators put many preferences in tax laws with many different ...
PAD 505 NCSU Pringles & Preferences from The Value Added Tax Base Case Study
Pringles and Preferences from the Value-Added Tax Base? Legislators put many preferences in tax laws with many different objectives in mind: to alter the distribution of tax burden for reasons of equity and to favor certain pro- ducers or consumers, to name two. Effects may sometimes be clear-cut, but there may be surprises in their application. There are interesting effects in the conflict between the UK tax authorities and Procter & Gamble UK, the producers of Pringles, as the following describes. Consider These Questions 1. Explain why Procter & Gamble wanted zero rating and not exemption. 2. Why would the VAT legislation not have explicitly covered Pringles? 3. Tax analysts counsel against tax preferences. How does this case provide support for that position? 4. What are the reasons for the food preference, and what are the reasons for the special treatment of potato crisps? Are there better alternatives for achieving those objectives? 5. Are there lessons for design of a consumption tax in this case?The VAT and Pringles "Are Pringles 'similar to potato crisps and made from the potato'? That is the ques- tion.1 Not as weighty as Hamlet's musing, but that is how Lord Justice Jacob (England and Wales Court of Appeal) began His judgment in a case between the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs and Procter & Gamble UK, the makers of Regular Pringles. And that is what ultimately determined the decision regarding a tax preference in the United Kingdom value-added tax. Preference is always a tricky business because the tax authorities have to draw a line between what gets preference and what doesn't, and, accordingly, people end up paying relatively more and others pay relatively less because of where the line is drawn. in the law have to be put into practice in a world of brands, product distinctions, and a consistent desire to reduce tax burdens. The trick- iness gets more challenging as activities initially on the wrong side of the preferen Ce work to get moved to the other side. That is how, after all, that many tax lawyers and accountants justify their pay. Although the maneuvering with every preference, it gets more frantic when the tax wedge is high, when the tax involves excises (a nar-row base), and when substitute alternatives for taxed items are easily available. The UK value-added tax is levied at a standard rate of 17.5 percent. However, the law makes special provision for sales of food for at-home consumption in an effort to reduce the regressivity. In the UK VAT, "Food of a kind used for human consumption" is zero-rated, meaning it is subject to a tax rate of zero. However, the tax preference is limited and not applicable to everything that humans might eat. An exception is the following: Any of the following when packaged for human consumption without further preparation, namely, potato crisps, potato sticks, potato puffs and similar products from the potato, or from potato flour, or from potato starch, and savory products obtained by the swelling of cereals or cereal products; and salted or roasted nuts other Those products are subject to the standard tax rate of 17.5 percent. Now the question is: What are Pringles? Many people have pondered this question in the United States as well as in the United Kingdom, although not in court and not with regard to their taxation, since their arrival on the market in 1968. However, such philosophical questions were not what the Procter & Gamble representatives were concerned about here; it was tax rates. Procter & Gamble argued that Pringles should be taxed at zero rate, not the standard rate, because they really are not potato crisps. "Their argument primarily hinged on the fact that the Pringle is only around 40 percent potato and the majority was something else, although no other single ingredient made up as much of the total as potato. Therefore, they argued that it wasn't a potato crisp and should be zero rated along with other items for human consumption. Strictly, Pringles were not "made of" potatoes. That would allow con sumers of Pringles to pay less and would also allow Pringles a price advantage in the snack food market (although Procter Gamble did not point that out in their argu ment). It should be noted, however, that there are other vegetable crisps available on the UK market (e.g., turnip crisps), and they were not excluded from the preference. The judge was not impressed: “the VAT legislation uses everyday English words, which ought to be interpreted in a sensible way according to their ordinary and natural meaning. The 'made from' question would probably be answered in a more relevant and sensible way by a child consumer of crisps than by a food scien tist or a culinary pedant. 183 The ruling meant around $ 155 million in back taxes (which had not been collected from purchasers because of an earlier ruling) and much more to be collected in the future. If it crunches like a potato crisp, looks generally like a potato crisp, and pretty much tastes like a potato crisp, it should be treated like a potato crisp, no matter what the lawyers make their living by arguing. Child consumer trumps food experts.
BYU WK 1 Multiplying a Restaurants SqFt & Standard Deviation Worksheet
Resource: Pastas R Us, Inc. Database
In preparation for writing your report to senior management next week, compute ...
BYU WK 1 Multiplying a Restaurants SqFt & Standard Deviation Worksheet
Resource: Pastas R Us, Inc. Database
In preparation for writing your report to senior management next week, compute the following descriptive statistics analyses for each column of data (each variable) with Excel®. Answer the questions below in your Excel sheet or in a separate Word document:
Insert a new column in the database that corresponds to “Annual Sales.” Annual Sales is the result of multiplying a restaurant’s “SqFt.” by “Sales/SqFt.”
Calculate the mean, standard deviation, skew, 5-number summary, and interquartile range (IQR) for each of the variables.
Create a box-plot for the “Annual Sales” variable. Does it look symmetric? Would you prefer the IQR instead of the standard deviation to describe this variable’s dispersion? Why?
Create a histogram for the “Sales/SqFt” variable. Is the distribution symmetric? If not, what is the skew? Are there any outliers? If so, which one(s)? What is the “SqFt” area of the outlier(s)? Is the outlier(s) smaller or larger than the average restaurant in the database? What can you conclude from this observation?
What measure of central tendency is more appropriate to describe “Sales/SqFt”? Why?
7 pages
Adm 614 The Impact Of Economic Policy On The Market
The great depression is a severe economic depression that took place many times in the history of the United States. It is ...
Adm 614 The Impact Of Economic Policy On The Market
The great depression is a severe economic depression that took place many times in the history of the United States. It is the worst economic downturn ...
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essay about 2 question
The assignment is to read the following two essays on comparative advantage and trade, then write a response essay on the ...
essay about 2 question
The assignment is to read the following two essays on comparative advantage and trade, then write a response essay on the topic.1. The first essay is by the economist Paul Krugman, who is a columnist for the New York Times. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2008 for his contributions to trade theory. The Nobel Committee explains, "Traditional trade theory assumes that countries are different and explains why some countries export agricultural products whereas others export industrial goods. The new theory clarifies why worldwide trade is in fact dominated by countries which not only have similar conditions, but also trade in similar products – for instance, a country such as Sweden that both exports and imports cars. This kind of trade enables specialization and large-scale production, which result in lower prices and a greater diversity of commodities."Krugman's essay is from a book of essays on international economics. The essay is called "Ricardo's Difficult Idea" and discusses why he believes so few people share the consensus of professional economists on comparative advantage. Link to the essay: http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ricardo.htmLinks to an external site.2. The second essay is titled "A Petition" by the 19th Century political economist Frederic Bastiat. The essay is sometimes also referred to as "The Candlemaker's Petition", and it is a satirical essay that deals with common objections to international trade. Link to the essay: http://econlib.org/library/Bastiat/basSoph3.html#S.1, Ch.7, A Petition (you may have to copy and paste this link).The assignment is to write a response to these essays that discusses the following questions:1) Who was the audience for each essay? How did those audiences differ?2) Are the arguments presented largely positive or normative? Do the authors tones differ?3) What positive argument is each author giving in support of open trade? Do they directly address common objections?and should be at least 1250 words.
Economics- Inflation
View the videos found below then answer the following questions.John Stossel: Currency Conundrum (Links to an external sit ...
Economics- Inflation
View the videos found below then answer the following questions.John Stossel: Currency Conundrum (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.(Click the link above)John Stossel Speaks to Ex Federal Reserve EmployeeDuration: (5:02)User: getzladelron - Added: 7/13/13 [Note: To get full points you should use quotes from the videos and or the text to support your arguments.]1. What is inflation?2. What does inflation do to the value of our money? Is it a good or bad thing? Defend your answer.Specific to "Currency Conundrum":3. David Barker said, "central planning doesn't work as well as markets." What does this mean? Explain why you agree or disagree.4. What do you think about the idea of private money? How do you think it would work? If people were free to use whatever money they trusted, do you think competition would provide incentives for people offering private money to retain the value of their currency and to avoid inflation?Specific to "A History of Booms and Busts":5. According to Stephen Davies, when central banks manipulate the money supply artificial pressure is placed on interest rates since the market is not determining the equilibrium interest rate. This theory helps explains malinvestments. Is this a justifiable theory? Defend your answer.
Westcliff University Pre Money Valuation and Post Money Valuation Questions
Please answer the and provide numerical example for each following questions:● Explain the difference between pre-money ...
Westcliff University Pre Money Valuation and Post Money Valuation Questions
Please answer the and provide numerical example for each following questions:● Explain the difference between pre-money valuation and post-money valuation.● Discuss what is meant by a capitalization (or cap) rate in reference to calculating a terminal value.● What other types of terminal values might be appropriate (i.e., other than smooth growth procedures)?● Describe the process for estimating the percentage of equity ownership that must be given up by the founder when a new equity investment is needed.
PAD 505 NCSU Pringles & Preferences from The Value Added Tax Base Case Study
Pringles and Preferences from the Value-Added Tax Base? Legislators put many preferences in tax laws with many different ...
PAD 505 NCSU Pringles & Preferences from The Value Added Tax Base Case Study
Pringles and Preferences from the Value-Added Tax Base? Legislators put many preferences in tax laws with many different objectives in mind: to alter the distribution of tax burden for reasons of equity and to favor certain pro- ducers or consumers, to name two. Effects may sometimes be clear-cut, but there may be surprises in their application. There are interesting effects in the conflict between the UK tax authorities and Procter & Gamble UK, the producers of Pringles, as the following describes. Consider These Questions 1. Explain why Procter & Gamble wanted zero rating and not exemption. 2. Why would the VAT legislation not have explicitly covered Pringles? 3. Tax analysts counsel against tax preferences. How does this case provide support for that position? 4. What are the reasons for the food preference, and what are the reasons for the special treatment of potato crisps? Are there better alternatives for achieving those objectives? 5. Are there lessons for design of a consumption tax in this case?The VAT and Pringles "Are Pringles 'similar to potato crisps and made from the potato'? That is the ques- tion.1 Not as weighty as Hamlet's musing, but that is how Lord Justice Jacob (England and Wales Court of Appeal) began His judgment in a case between the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs and Procter & Gamble UK, the makers of Regular Pringles. And that is what ultimately determined the decision regarding a tax preference in the United Kingdom value-added tax. Preference is always a tricky business because the tax authorities have to draw a line between what gets preference and what doesn't, and, accordingly, people end up paying relatively more and others pay relatively less because of where the line is drawn. in the law have to be put into practice in a world of brands, product distinctions, and a consistent desire to reduce tax burdens. The trick- iness gets more challenging as activities initially on the wrong side of the preferen Ce work to get moved to the other side. That is how, after all, that many tax lawyers and accountants justify their pay. Although the maneuvering with every preference, it gets more frantic when the tax wedge is high, when the tax involves excises (a nar-row base), and when substitute alternatives for taxed items are easily available. The UK value-added tax is levied at a standard rate of 17.5 percent. However, the law makes special provision for sales of food for at-home consumption in an effort to reduce the regressivity. In the UK VAT, "Food of a kind used for human consumption" is zero-rated, meaning it is subject to a tax rate of zero. However, the tax preference is limited and not applicable to everything that humans might eat. An exception is the following: Any of the following when packaged for human consumption without further preparation, namely, potato crisps, potato sticks, potato puffs and similar products from the potato, or from potato flour, or from potato starch, and savory products obtained by the swelling of cereals or cereal products; and salted or roasted nuts other Those products are subject to the standard tax rate of 17.5 percent. Now the question is: What are Pringles? Many people have pondered this question in the United States as well as in the United Kingdom, although not in court and not with regard to their taxation, since their arrival on the market in 1968. However, such philosophical questions were not what the Procter & Gamble representatives were concerned about here; it was tax rates. Procter & Gamble argued that Pringles should be taxed at zero rate, not the standard rate, because they really are not potato crisps. "Their argument primarily hinged on the fact that the Pringle is only around 40 percent potato and the majority was something else, although no other single ingredient made up as much of the total as potato. Therefore, they argued that it wasn't a potato crisp and should be zero rated along with other items for human consumption. Strictly, Pringles were not "made of" potatoes. That would allow con sumers of Pringles to pay less and would also allow Pringles a price advantage in the snack food market (although Procter Gamble did not point that out in their argu ment). It should be noted, however, that there are other vegetable crisps available on the UK market (e.g., turnip crisps), and they were not excluded from the preference. The judge was not impressed: “the VAT legislation uses everyday English words, which ought to be interpreted in a sensible way according to their ordinary and natural meaning. The 'made from' question would probably be answered in a more relevant and sensible way by a child consumer of crisps than by a food scien tist or a culinary pedant. 183 The ruling meant around $ 155 million in back taxes (which had not been collected from purchasers because of an earlier ruling) and much more to be collected in the future. If it crunches like a potato crisp, looks generally like a potato crisp, and pretty much tastes like a potato crisp, it should be treated like a potato crisp, no matter what the lawyers make their living by arguing. Child consumer trumps food experts.
BYU WK 1 Multiplying a Restaurants SqFt & Standard Deviation Worksheet
Resource: Pastas R Us, Inc. Database
In preparation for writing your report to senior management next week, compute ...
BYU WK 1 Multiplying a Restaurants SqFt & Standard Deviation Worksheet
Resource: Pastas R Us, Inc. Database
In preparation for writing your report to senior management next week, compute the following descriptive statistics analyses for each column of data (each variable) with Excel®. Answer the questions below in your Excel sheet or in a separate Word document:
Insert a new column in the database that corresponds to “Annual Sales.” Annual Sales is the result of multiplying a restaurant’s “SqFt.” by “Sales/SqFt.”
Calculate the mean, standard deviation, skew, 5-number summary, and interquartile range (IQR) for each of the variables.
Create a box-plot for the “Annual Sales” variable. Does it look symmetric? Would you prefer the IQR instead of the standard deviation to describe this variable’s dispersion? Why?
Create a histogram for the “Sales/SqFt” variable. Is the distribution symmetric? If not, what is the skew? Are there any outliers? If so, which one(s)? What is the “SqFt” area of the outlier(s)? Is the outlier(s) smaller or larger than the average restaurant in the database? What can you conclude from this observation?
What measure of central tendency is more appropriate to describe “Sales/SqFt”? Why?
7 pages
Adm 614 The Impact Of Economic Policy On The Market
The great depression is a severe economic depression that took place many times in the history of the United States. It is ...
Adm 614 The Impact Of Economic Policy On The Market
The great depression is a severe economic depression that took place many times in the history of the United States. It is the worst economic downturn ...
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