1.) There are now about 200 political states that send representatives to the United Nations. Maps of the world often divide the land masses into different political states demarcated by international borders. These borders are often disputed and tend to change over time. Is their location better explained by geography or by history? Why?2.) Rural-to-urban migration in Latin American cities often results in large squatter settlements surrounding the city. 1) Where did the residents of these slums come from, and why did they move? Who owns the land they move onto? When did this phenomenon begin, and for what reasons? At what rate are these squatter settlements still growing? (Hint: Push and Pull factors).2) Many work in the informal economy and live in informal housing. What does this actually mean, in practical terms? Are the urban poor better off or worse compared to their rural counterparts?3) When one city is much larger than any other, it tends to attract more migrants. How successful are governmental attempts to create second big cities, and do these secondary cities reduce the migration pressure on the largest city?4) What other programs have governments implemented to address the problems of the peripheral poor, or what programs or policies might be helpful? Mention as many ideas as you can, keeping in mind the limited capital resources.3.)Why were some of the biggest cities in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century no longer the biggest cities at the beginning of the 21st century?  Use your knowledge from conference discussions on migration to answer this question.4.)At the opening of international currency markets on June 7, 2010, the following values were quoted as the value of each currency, in U.S. dollars.Australian dollar 0.8153Brazilian real 0.5316Euro 1.1942Indonesian rupiah 0.00011Japanese yen 0.0109South African rand 0.1279Check these values to today's newspaper. Calculate the percentage each has risen or fallen against the dollar or against one another. What flows of goods, or investment, or of tourists should these fluctuations have triggered? Tabulate your Work as described belowCountry/Currency 2010 RatesToday’s RatesDifferenceAustralian dollar             0.8153Brazilian real             0.5316Euro             1.1942Indonesian rupiah           0.00011Japanese yen            0.0109South African rand           0.1279

Application: Predicting and Preventing Terrorist AttacksU.S. and foreign intelligence organizations have averted a number of terrorist plots, including several directed at the United States. Nevertheless, it is not good enough to foil most terrorist attacks; intelligence organizations are expected to foil all of them. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the United States has reformed its intelligence organizations to make them better able to predict terrorist activity. These reforms include the establishment of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence to coordinate intelligence activities, as well as the National Counter Terrorism Center to develop counterterrorism strategy and planning. Although reforms and new legislative actions can help provide a means to prevent terrorist attacks, the most important component to counterterrorism efforts is having accurate and timely intelligence. There are many challenges inherent to collecting data on terrorists and terrorist organizations. For instance, the extensive amount of data collected can make it difficult to distinguish useful information from irrelevant information. It is important to be aware of and consistently address challenges like this, because they can make predicting and preventing terrorist attacks very difficult.To prepare for this assignment:Review the online article "Strategic Choices, Intelligence Challenges." Think about challenges intelligence officials encounter. Read the article "Spies and Bureaucrats: Getting Intel Right." Consider the difficulty related to monitoring and understanding intelligence data. Review the assigned pages in Chapter 8 of the text Introduction to Homeland Security. Focus on intelligence challenges as well as post-9/11 reforms that have addressed these challenges. Review the articles "Homeland Security: Progress in Implementing 9/11 Commission Recommendations," "Final Report on 9/11 Commission Recommendations," and "Legislation Related to the Attacks of September 11, 2001." Reflect on the extent to which post-9/11 reforms have addressed the intelligence challenges related to forecasting and preventing terrorist attacks. Think about how the difficulty of gathering intelligence affects the forecasting and prevention of terrorist attacks.Consider the extent to which post-9/11 reforms have addressed the intelligence challenges to forecasting and preventing terrorist attacks.The assignment: (1–2 pages)Explain why it is so difficult to forecast and prevent terrorist attacks. Be sure to include brief descriptions of some of the major challenges. Explain the extent to which post-9/11 reforms have addressed the intelligence challenges to forecasting and preventing terrorist attacks. Be specific and use examples to support your explanation.Support your Application with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources not included in the Learning Resources for this course. One to two pages with at least four references.... MULTIPLE USE OF INTEXT CITATION REQUIRED AND PAGE NUMBERS...... TRY TO USE THE ASSIGNMENT READINGS IF POSSIBLE and PLEASE USE SPLIT IN CITATIONS...PLEASE LOOK UP THE PROPER APA USE OF SPLIT CIATION It is important that you cover all the topics identified in the assignment. Covering the topic does not mean mentioning the topic BUT presenting an explanation from the context of ethics and the readings for this class To get maximum points you need to follow the requirements listed for this assignments 1) look at the page limits 2) review and follow APA rules 3) create subheadings to identify the key sections you are presenting and 4) Free from typographical and sentence construction errors. REMEMBER IN APA FORMAT JOURNAL TITLES AND VOLUME NUMBERS ARE ITALICIZED.CITING WEBSITEStructure: Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Retrieved from URL.ReadingsCourse Text: Introduction to Homeland SecurityoChapter 8, "Preventing Terrorist Attacks: Root Causes, Law, Intelligence, Counter-Terrorism, and Border Control" (pp. 148–155 only)Article: Carter, D. L. & Carter, J. G. (2009). The intelligence fusion process for state, local, and tribal law enforcement. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(12), 1323–1339. Article: Dahl, E. J. (2005). Warning of terror: Explaining the failure of intelligence against terrorism. The Journal of Strategic Studies, 28(1), 31-55. Article: Department of Homeland Security. (2009). Homeland security: Progress in implementing 9/11 Commission recommendations. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/9-11-commission... Article: Kean, T. H., Hamilton, L. H., Ben-Veniste, R., Fielding, F. F., Gorelick, J.S., Gorton, S. et al. (2005). Final report on 9/11 Commission recommendations. 9/11 Public Discourse Project, 1-5.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Article: Mahnken, T. (2005). Spies and bureaucrats: Getting intel right. Public Interest, 159, 22-42. Article: The Library of Congress. (2002). Legislation related to the attacks of September 11, 2001. Retrieved from http://thomas.loc.gov/home/terrorleg.htmOptional ResourcesWebsite: Country reports on terrorism 2008. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2008/index.htm Article: Gross, P. J. (2005). Testimony of the director of central intelligence. Retrieved from http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/congr...