Enzyme Lab Report GuidelinesGuidance for Enzyme Lab ReportThis lab report will focus on your evaluation of how temperature and pH affect the rate of enzyme activity.Introduction / Purpose (5 points)Why did we do this lab?Are there any important concepts or explanations that are relevant to the reader’s understanding of the purpose and background of the lab?What is invertase? What chemical reaction does it catalyze? This can be a diagram.What were your hypotheses for each of the experimental procedures we conducted?What is Benedict’s test? How and why does it work? Why did we use it? What are reducing sugars?Materials & Methods (5 points)Follow the directions provided above regarding the level of detail to include here.Convey the experimental design using a labeled diagram or image, if desired.Results & Data (5 points)Include any tables from the lab containing the data you collectedInclude a written statement of the results of every single experiment you conducted.Discussion & Conclusion (10 points)Scientifically interpret your results for every experiment you conducted.This means every temperature, and every pH.Can you relate your results to Brownian motion or diffusion?Can you relate your results to the effect of pH on secondary structure?What does it actually mean when an enzyme is denatured by heat?Say you obtained a negative result from Benedict’s test when you carried out the chemical reaction at the highest pH.Why did you observe these results? You must provide an explanation that is based on your knowledge of enzymes, how they function, etc.You may not completely understand why the invertase didn’t function in those conditions…it is your job to learn this.You may have to reference your textbook or another reference to gain sufficient understanding of your experimental outcomes!

OVERVIEWNow that you have completed all course modules, you should be familiar with the basic components of a wetland. Effective wetland management includes describing the important characteristics of wetlands in order to evaluate wetland resources and function within the landscape. This helps decision makers determine their value and role in a watershed as well as assess associated risks in order to prioritize protection. For this exercise, usually students are tasked with visiting a wetland of their choice and writing a report. This document describes a digital alternative for students who are unable to visit a wetland._____________________________________________________________________________________OBJECTIVESBe able to describe important characteristics of a wetland in context using appropriate terminologyDemonstrate an understanding of key wetland indicatorsInterpret the factors potentially involved in protecting said wetland and offer some insight in determining possible conservation concerns_____________________________________________________________________________________GENERAL INSTRUCTIONSInstead of visiting a wetland, you will complete a report based the Florida Everglades. The report must be organized into sections labelled with headings matching the outline. Each section should consist of paragraphs that address the following topics for the Florida Everglades. The outline describes the content you should include in each section of your report. Cite references in your text anytime you use external sources._____________________________________________________________________________________OUTLINEA. Introduction: include a brief opening paragraphProvide a brief history of Everglades National ParkHighlight the importance of wetlands in the Florida Everglades and why they play a critical role within the landscapeB. Description of Everglades National Park: provide a general study area descriptionWhere is it located, and what type of wetlands and other habitats are there?How large is the park? Describe the geomorphology, climate, or other important factorsC. Vegetation: identify and describeDescribe the vegetation of Everglades National Park, focusing on wetland vegetationYou should be able to find information about different wetland types and their associated vegetation (categories, species)D. Water: note the major characteristicsDescribe the major hydrological features of Everglades National ParkDescribe the hydrology of wetlands in the parkE. Soils: note major characteristicsProvide some information about the characteristics of soils at Everglades National ParkWhich of these indicators of hydric soils are present/would you expect to find if you made a visit?G. Conclusion: Wetland Policy and ManagementWhat are the major conservation concerns for Everglades National Park, especially as they relate to wetlands?Based on the previous information, what do you think are some of the functions or benefits your particular wetland provides? What is the value of this wetland?_____________________________________________________________________________________FORMAT GUIDELINES Your paper should be a minimum of 10-12 pages double spaced with an appropriate font. An important skill to develop is clear communication of scientific concepts in writing. While you will mostly be graded on content, there are certain expectations regarding the overall clarity and format of your paper. You should use this paper as an opportunity to practice clear scientific writing. A sample of scientific writing format is posted below. Another good resource can be found at https://cgi.duke.edu/web/sciwriting/Sample Paragraph using Scientific Writing Format“Geographically isolated wetlands may be naturally formed or be the result of human activities. Naturally occurring isolated wetlands are mainly represented by the following types: prairie pothole wetlands, playas, Nebraska’s Rainwater Basin and Sandhills wetlands, West Coast vernal pools, sinkhole wetlands, Carolina bays, interdunal and intradunal wetlands, desert springs, terminal basins in the Great Basin, and kettlehole, bogs in glaciated regions (Table 1). While most of these wetlands occur in depressions, some naturally isolated types form on broad flats and even on slopes. The predominant wetland types in many regions also include geographically isolated forms in closed basins.” - Tiner, Ralph W. (2003) Geographically isolated wetlands of the United States. Wetlands, 23(3):494-516 Finally, make sure the work you turn in is your own and use citations when necessary. Any standard format for citations is acceptable. These papers will be submitted on Canvas and run through the TurnItIn.com system which will flag any instance of plagiarism.

The HomininsBeginning in the late Miocene and into the early Pliocene, upright walking tendencies began to develop among the hominin tribe. Upright walking tendencies slowly transformed into obligate bipedalism during the pliocene within the hominin lineage. This shift in locomotor strategy is notably marked by the gradual change in arm to leg ratio that we see when comparing early and later hominins. Early hominins have short legs and very long arms while later hominins have longer legs and short arms. Your task for this activity will be to compare and contrast the locomotor strategies of the following two hominin species: Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus afarensis. You will accomplish this by answering the following questions.Before you begin make sure view all relevant reading material so that you can give me informed opinions.Which hominin had the best arboreal capabilities and why? The feature that you choose has to be from lower extremities (legs and feet). As part of your explanation you must use only one specific feature. Note: You will loose points if you give non-relevant information.Which hominins was the first to not just be an upright walker but an obligate biped (this means you have no choice but to walk on two legs)? Make sure you explain your answer using the same feature that you used when looking at the other hominin for comparative purposes. Lastly, I would like you to give a short summary of the notable transformations in bipedal abilities that occur over time as seen from Ardipithecus ramidus to Australopithecus afarensis.