The Impact of Climate Change on Health Scientists are able to make very accurate predictions about the amount of temperature change that will occur due to future greenhouse gas emissions. Using computer models, scientists are also able to predict how increments in temperature change will impact the world around us. Often the way things are phrased in a news source can sensationalize a topic beyond what the scientists’ research actually suggests. Reporters want to grab our attention and impress us with the importance of the findings in the research, but this approach can turn possible outcomes into a sure thing just by changing a few words. There is a big difference in the prospect of an event occurring depending on whether it is likely, possible, or certain. Watch for these terms in reading the materials provided for this and future assignments. There are many different factors that must be considered when we discuss the impact of climate change around the world. This activity will focus on the challenging idea of how climate change will affect the health of our children. Children’s health is most vulnerable to small, incremental changes, and our children will be dealing with the results of climate change long after we adults are gone. The shifting of rain and drought patterns, the range of temperature changes, and the resulting changes in plants, insects, and animals—the global environmental zones will be in flux over the next century. The readings here will discuss these changes and how scientists predict they will affect the health and well-being of our children. Completing this activity will assist you in mastering Module Level Outcomes 2 and 3. First, read the following: WHO Climate Change and Health (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., Fact Sheet 266 (updated 9/2015)Pocinki, A., Reeves, R.V. (2016). The world's children are already suffering from climate change (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. . Brookings Blog, Social Mobility Memos, Brookings InstituteHaskins, R., Currie, J., Deschenes, O. (2016). Children and Climate Change (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. [PDF file size 1.6 MB], The Future of Children, Princeton-Brookings, Policy Brief, Vol.26 N.1 Spring 2016 (This is a large report, you should read pages 3-9 for this assignment) Next, submit the following: A completed M2A2 Your Science Tool Kit (download M2A2 STK template) [DOCX, File size 25.3 KB] examining and analyzing the information in the Brookings blog report by Alegra Pocinki and Richard V. Reeves. You should rely on the WHO Fact Sheet and the Princeton-Brookings policy brief as your sources for reliable, factual information to compare and contrast to the blog report. [Note: The M2A2 Science Tool Kit provided in this activity is unique. Do not use the tool kit from Module 1.]

1. Write a Quality Assurance guide for the analysis of one of the following samples; both samples are suspected of having a drug, but have not undergone any testing as of yet:• A bag containing 100 grams of white powder suspected to contain a controlled substance (drug)OR100ml of human urine suspected to contain a controlled substance (drug)Please remember to address the following topics: scope, Terminology, Testing Facility, Personnel, QA Manual Documentation, Evidence Control, Chemical Reagents, Presumptive testing and confirmatory analytical Procedures, Validation, Equipment Maintenance and Calibration, Proficiency Testing, Audits, Deficiency of Analysis/Corrective Actions, and Health and Safety.Depending upon the analysis being performed, some items may not be applicable whereas other components may need to be added. Also, remember that you can reference a number of standard procedures (SOPs) by referring to established SOPs – you do not need to provide the specifics of the analysis but rather just an overview of the best practice to analyze the sample – which includes optimization of available resources such as analytical instruments and personnel. (20 points)The following FBI quality assurance guidelines summarize the essential goals and are helpful as a reference for this module as well as for the assignment:http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/jan2005/standards/2005standards15.htm (Links to an external site.)2. This following project involves the testing and comparison of quantitative results produced by two labs using two different analytical methods. A final report will need to be created following the completion of this project. Project Scenario: Two individual laboratories (Lab A and Lab B) were contracted to analyze 25 blood samples to determine the concentration of cocaine (and/or any metabolites) in each sample. Both labs used instrumentation that provided quantitative results, but each lab used a different method. Lab A utilized liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LCMS) and Lab B utilized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). For this project, each laboratory was tasked with analyzing the blood samples of 25 known cocaine users. As this project involved the comparison of Lab A with Lab B’s final results, each lab needed to analyze the same 25 samples. As these labs were located in different cities, two tubes of blood were drawn from each of the 25 subjects. One blood tube was sent to Lab A and the second was sent to Lab B so that each lab would have the same 25 samples to compare. Now that the testing has been completed, a final report needs to be created to address whether or not the results from the two laboratories are equivalent.For this assignment, you will need to write a brief outline for this project’s final report. This report should follow a clear structure and include all of the required components as described in the module’s reading. Be sure that the report you submit includes information on the two labs, the two different methods used, and 25 fictitious concentration results per lab. Additionally, be certain to include and explain all of the components that would be required for this final report as discussed in the reading. The concentration data must be included and a statistical analysis of that data must be included as a part of this report. Please consider the following when completing this assignment:* What does your fictional cocaine concentration data look like? You need to come up with your own fictional data for this assignment (the values for the concentrations should be in units of ng/mL). You must include the 25 concentration results for each lab as a part of the data as well as the results of the calculated statistics. You can simply present this concentration data in an Excel table or chart format* The statistical comparison needs to be calculated using either a student t-test or Wilcoxon. You must perform the statistical analysis on your fictional data and compare Lab A to Lab B. You must also provide a conclusion as to whether or not the two methods were comparable.Useful links:Cocaine analysis in various body fluids: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14750172_Cocaine_and_benzoylecgonine_in_saliva_serum_and_urine (Links to an external site.)Research report guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/research_report_guide.html (Links to an external site.) You may also have to refresh some knowledge of statistical testing since you will be comparing two groups. Here is some reading material:“An Introduction to Statistics”, Driscoll P, Lecky F, Crosby M, J Accid Emerg Med, 2001, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725369/ (Links to an external site.)“An Introduction to hypothesis testing. Parametric comparison of two groups-1”, Driscoll P, Lecky F, Emerg Med J, 2001, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725552/ (Links to an external site.)“An Introduction to hypothesis testing. Parametric comparison of two groups-2”, Driscoll P, Lecky F, Emerg Med J, 2001, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725593/ (Links to an external site.) “An Introduction to hypothesis testing. Non-Parametric comparison of two groups-1”, Driscoll P, Lecky F, Emerg Med J, 2001, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1725625/

nstructionsIn this unit, you learned that the characteristics of a population at a given time can be represented graphically using birth and death rate data, among many other parameters. In Part I of this activity, you will work with a simple data set to create a human survivorship curve and answer questions about the results and the data itself. In Part II, you will work with interactive age structure diagrams in an online simulator to analyze population growth trends for both China and the United States. For an example of an age structure diagram, see the presentations for the Unit II Lesson.