For this assignment, I want to discuss an issue that is certainly very relevant today: the charitable deduction to the estate tax. Many people who are wealthy want to give some assets to charity, either in the will or during life, to minimize estate tax liability. Obviously, a big question is: what constitutes "charitable"? This can be a controversial issue. Here are 3 gifts: - A gift to a trust to go to "paying the salaries of police officers and firefighters" - A gift "to the government of the United States" - A gift to a trust to be used to maintain the premises of a public cemetery Please discuss whether each of these gifts qualifies for the estate tax charitable deduction. Please use case law and/or statutory law to establish your conclusion.Please also discuss any important limitations that may be applicable to each deduction.

1. You are deciding between two mutually exclusive investment opportunities. Both require the same initial investment of $10 million. Investment A will generate $2 million per year (starting at the end of the first year) in perpetuity. Investment B will generate $1.5 million at the end of the first year and its revenues will grow at 2% per year for every year after that. a. Which investment has the higher IRR? b. Which investment has the higher NPV when the cost of capital is 7%? Answer: Substituting r = 0.07 into the NPV formulas derived in part (a) gives NPVA = $18.5714 million, NPVB = $20 million. So the NPV says take B. c. In this case, for what values of the cost of capital does picking the higher IRR give the correct answer as to which investment is the best opportunity 2. Pisa Pizza, a seller of frozen pizza, is considering introducing a healthier version of its pizza that will be low in cholesterol and contain no trans fats. The firm expects that sales of the new pizza will be $20 million per year. While many of these sales will be to new customers, Pisa Pizza estimates that 40% will come from customers who switch to the new, healthier pizza instead of buying the original version. a. Assume customers will spend the same amount on either version. What level of incremental sales is associated with introducing the new pizza? b. Suppose that 50% of the customers who will switch from Pisa Pizza’s original pizza to its healthier pizza will switch to another brand if Pisa Pizza does not introduce a healthier pizza. What level of incremental sales is associated with introducing the new pizza in this case? 3. Cellular Access, Inc. is a cellular telephone service provider that reported net income of $250 million for the most recent fiscal year. The firm had depreciation expenses of $100 million, capital expenditures of $200 million, and no interest expenses. Working capital increased by $10 million. Calculate the free cash flow for Cellular Access for the most recent fiscal year. 4. A bicycle manufacturer currently produces 300,000 units a year and expects output levels to remain steady in the future. It buys chains from an outside supplier at a price of $2 a chain. The plant manager believes that it would be cheaper to make these chains rather than buy them. Direct in-house production costs are estimated to be only $1.50 per chain. The necessary machinery would cost $250,000 and would be obsolete after 10 years. This investment could be depreciated to zero for tax purposes using a 10-year straight-line depreciation schedule. The plant manager estimates that the operation would require $50,000 of inventory and other working capital upfront (year 0), but argues that this sum can be ignored because it is recoverable at the end of the 10 years. Expected proceeds from scrapping the machinery after 10 years are $20,000. If the company pays tax at a rate of 35% and the opportunity cost of capital is 15%, what is the net present value of the decision to produce the chains in-house instead of purchasing them from the supplier? 5. Calculate Apple Inc's per share value using the DDM or another method Then find the current market value of a share of the stock. Compare that two. Can you explain the similarity or difference?6. Find some bonds with differing yields to maturity (YTM). How do you explain the difference? Both the lecture and the textbook discuss some factors that may lead to this difference.