Editing 2 paper, Annotated Bibliography

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1THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY The Side Effect of Some Drugs During Pregnancy Hiba Alansari University of the District of Columbia, ENGL 515 November 5, 2015 2THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY Laurberg, P., & Andersen, SL. (2015). Graves'-Basedow disease in pregnancy. New trends in the management and guidance to reduce the risk of birth defects caused by antithyroid drugs. Nuklearmedizin, 54(3):106-11. Retrieved October 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26105719 This article covers the evidence that Thyroid hormones are essential development factors and maternal thyroid dysfunction may cause pregnancy complications and birth defect in the fetus. Graves'-Basedow disease (GBD) in pregnancy and hyperthyroidism may cause spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. Some pregnant concerned about the side effect of taking antithyroid drugs (ATDs) during pregnant period. One of the side effect of using (ATDs) allergic/toxic reaction, another is that ATDs tend to over treat the fetus when the mother with GBD is made thyroid. However, the study indicated that using the lowest dose of (ATDs) during the pregnancy may decrease the high risk of birth defect. Also, another two drugs Methimazole (MMI) and Propylthiouracil (PTU) that used to reduce hyperthyroidism associated with birth defects when the mother used in early pregnancy. This article has been very helpful to my research and provide that using (ATDs) during pregnancy may be harmful for fetus. Kulkarni, J., Storch, A., Baraniuk, A., Gilbert, H., Gavrilidis, E., & Worsley, R. (2015). Antipsychotic use in pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother,16(9):1335-45. Retrieved October 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001182 This article discuses that Antipsychotic medications are used for women with mental illnesses. However, there are no sufficient evidence indicated that using Antipsychotic medications during pregnancy is safety for fetus. This article shows that the most frequently used antipsychotics in pregnancy who suffer from severe mental disorders are olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine, but these drugs have no causes to birth defects in limb or organ. On the other hand, this article very helpful to my research because there are some evidence indicated that using Antipsychotic medications associated with development of gestational 3THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY diabetes. Also, using these drugs is associated with increased neonatal respiratory distress and withdrawal symptoms. Wakefield, D., Abu El-Asrar, A., & McCluskey, P. (2012). Treatment of severe inflammatory eye disease in patients of reproductive age and during pregnancy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm,20(4):277-87. Retrieved October 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621209 This article talks about the Inflammatory eye diseases (IED) such as uveitis that affect male and female during their life. This article discuses that some women suffer from (IED) which lead to significant visual loss during pregnancy especially in the first trimester. Pregnant should take drugs to control the disease and it is important to have available medication that do not cause miscarriage or fetal abnormalities. According to Wakefield & et al, ''Several immunosuppressive drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy (methotrexate and alkylating agents), while others (corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporin) may be considered for use in pregnancy."(2012). Most drugs were excluded to use it for pregnancy not because it is harmful for fetus but because there is no sufficient evidence prove it is completely safety for fetus health. So, these information from this article is really helpful to my research because it prove that using some drugs for (IED) is not really safety for health fetus and pregnant have to avoid it during pregnancy period. Donaldson, M., & Goodchild, JH. (2012). Pregnancy, breast-feeding and drugs used in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc,143(8):858-71. Retrieved October 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855900 This article discuss the effect of using drugs in dentistry during pregnancy. The authors review the current evidence regarding drugs that may be safe for pregnant and others should avoid it. While pregnant have to take dentistry drugs, the dentist must weigh the risk to the fetus versus the benefit to the mother. In some cases, medication dosing should be avoided or altered to avoid damage to the fetus. According to Donaldson & Goodchild, "Dentists 4THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY should be familiar with the risks and benefits for pregnant or breast-feeding patients posed by five types of medications: analgesics and anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, local anesthetics, sedatives and emergency medications." (2012). This article really helpful to my research because dentist have to be careful when they need to prescribe the drug for pregnant to avoid fetus damage.
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