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1THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY
The Side Effect of Some Drugs During Pregnancy
Hiba Alansari
University of the District of Columbia, ENGL 515
November 5, 2015
2THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY
Laurberg, P., & Andersen, SL. (2015). Graves'-Basedow disease in pregnancy. New
trends in the management and guidance to reduce the risk of birth defects caused
by antithyroid drugs. Nuklearmedizin, 54(3):106-11. Retrieved October 25, 2015,
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26105719
This article covers the evidence that Thyroid hormones are essential development factors and
maternal thyroid dysfunction may cause pregnancy complications and birth defect in the
fetus. Graves'-Basedow disease (GBD) in pregnancy and hyperthyroidism may cause
spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. Some pregnant concerned about the side effect of taking
antithyroid drugs (ATDs) during pregnant period. One of the side effect of using (ATDs)
allergic/toxic reaction, another is that ATDs tend to over treat the fetus when the mother with
GBD is made thyroid. However, the study indicated that using the lowest dose of (ATDs)
during the pregnancy may decrease the high risk of birth defect. Also, another two drugs
Methimazole (MMI) and Propylthiouracil (PTU) that used to reduce hyperthyroidism
associated with birth defects when the mother used in early pregnancy. This article has been
very helpful to my research and provide that using (ATDs) during pregnancy may be
harmful for fetus.
Kulkarni, J., Storch, A., Baraniuk, A., Gilbert, H., Gavrilidis, E., & Worsley, R. (2015).
Antipsychotic use in pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother,16(9):1335-45.
Retrieved October 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001182
This article discuses that Antipsychotic medications are used for women with mental
illnesses. However, there are no sufficient evidence indicated that using Antipsychotic
medications during pregnancy is safety for fetus. This article shows that the most frequently
used antipsychotics in pregnancy who suffer from severe mental disorders are olanzapine,
risperidone and quetiapine, but these drugs have no causes to birth defects in limb or organ.
On the other hand, this article very helpful to my research because there are some evidence
indicated that using Antipsychotic medications associated with development of gestational
3THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY
diabetes. Also, using these drugs is associated with increased neonatal respiratory distress
and withdrawal symptoms.
Wakefield, D., Abu El-Asrar, A., & McCluskey, P. (2012). Treatment of severe
inflammatory eye disease in patients of reproductive age and during pregnancy.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm,20(4):277-87. Retrieved October 25, 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621209
This article talks about the Inflammatory eye diseases (IED) such as uveitis that affect male
and female during their life. This article discuses that some women suffer from (IED) which
lead to significant visual loss during pregnancy especially in the first trimester. Pregnant
should take drugs to control the disease and it is important to have available medication that
do not cause miscarriage or fetal abnormalities. According to Wakefield & et al, ''Several
immunosuppressive drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy (methotrexate and alkylating
agents), while others (corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclosporin) may be considered for
use in pregnancy."(2012). Most drugs were excluded to use it for pregnancy not because it is
harmful for fetus but because there is no sufficient evidence prove it is completely safety for
fetus health. So, these information from this article is really helpful to my research because it
prove that using some drugs for (IED) is not really safety for health fetus and pregnant have
to avoid it during pregnancy period.
Donaldson, M., & Goodchild, JH. (2012). Pregnancy, breast-feeding and drugs used in
dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc,143(8):858-71. Retrieved October 25, 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855900
This article discuss the effect of using drugs in dentistry during pregnancy. The authors
review the current evidence regarding drugs that may be safe for pregnant and others should
avoid it. While pregnant have to take dentistry drugs, the dentist must weigh the risk to the
fetus versus the benefit to the mother. In some cases, medication dosing should be avoided
or altered to avoid damage to the fetus. According to Donaldson & Goodchild, "Dentists
4THE SIDE Effect OF SOME DRUGS DURING PRGNANCY
should be familiar with the risks and benefits for pregnant or breast-feeding patients posed
by five types of medications: analgesics and anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, local
anesthetics, sedatives and emergency medications." (2012). This article really helpful to my
research because dentist have to be careful when they need to prescribe the drug for
pregnant to avoid fetus damage.