1) DISCUSSION POST Do you have free will? Or does your brain chemistry make decisions for you? This week you’re learning about the electrochemical reactions that happen every time you think, feel, sense, or act. So does that mean you are not in charge? Does body chemistry direct your choices and eliminate your control? Watch the TED-Ed video How Does Caffeine Keep Us Awake? that explains the specific ways caffeine affects your mood, alertness, and performance, all through your nervous system.  Then, write a post offering your opinion: Free will, or brain chemistry? Or is there some way to reconcile the two? Support your post with information from the video or the weekly Webtext.  2) PEER REVIEW #2 (CLAIRE) I believe my brain chemistry makes the decisions for me, but my free will makes sure those decisions will positively affect my life. Does that make my answer.. both? I have ADHD, so my brain chemistry isn't balanced to begin with; this means my immediate reactions are always going to be fueled by my brain chemistry. Over the years, I've learned techniques to curb the knee-jerk reactions to other people's comments, decisions, and many situations that could arise at any given time; this ensures I don't say or do anything that will have a negative impact on my career or relationships. For example, if I see a controversial news article on social media, you can bet I will read the article and get all of the juicy gossip from the comments section. When I see someone's opinion that I don't necessarily agree with, my first reaction is to type up a response that goes against anything someone has said. However, my free will & ability to think ahead keeps me from ever posting the comment, because as a government employee I know I am held to a certain standard. It also allows me to use the knowledge I've gained thus far: whether or not I post my views, my life isn't going to be genuinely and permanently affected. What will I gain from "winning" an argument on Facebook? Why would I be so fixated on changing someone's opinion, especially if I don't hold my current views for the rest of my life? If I'm actually wrong in my opinion, and I change what someone else believes to align with myself, I've potentially ruined something for that person.  I believe that by letting both your brain chemistry and your free will work together, you become the best version of yourself. Sometimes, my knee-jerk reactions (again, fueled by my brain chemistry) are genuinely the best reactions to certain situations. Other times, my free will & forward thinking are what will save the day. Using both has positively impacted me as a daughter, sister, mother, friend, and employee. 3) PEER REVIEW #2 (NANCY) Hello Everyone,  At times I feel like I have free will on certain days. I have to say that because I was not always like that. But i remember when my brain chemistry used to make decisions for me. I used to drink a lot of coffee and eat chocolate. Boy oh boy do I love love love chocolate. Well, it came a time where I couldn't live without it. I was beginning to feel the withdrawal that was happening to my body and that was not a good feeling. I would think about caffeine until my body was able to consume it. I would literally go to the store and I would alway come back with coffee in my hand, As for the chocolates, I always have to hide a bar away from everyone at my house. If I happened to go to the closet and found out that someone had ate my chocolate I would feel very sad and depress. Yessss, it was that bad. I knew that I had to get myself out of the addiction that I was deeply in. It was not a good feeling to go through the body withdrawal and feel the headaches i used to feel ever so often. It was a very had task to get where I am today. Now i can honestly say that I have free will, but let me tell you, it was not always like that! for me. 

The CRAAP Test [WLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4] [CLOs: 1, 3, 4]Prepare: Read Module 3 of your course textbook (I HAVE ATTACHED THIS IN A WORD DOCUMENT) and review the Evaluating Information—Applying the CRAAP Test (Links to an external site.)Watch the GEN103 Determining Authority (Links to an external site.)and GEN103 Determining Currency (Links to an external site.)Find a non-scholarly web page that relates to your research question (you can use this web page for your annotated bibliography). Keep in mind you are to find a web page and not a website. Review the Websites versus Web Pages handout to be sure you understand the difference between the two.Examine your chosen non-scholarly web page for currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose.MY REASEARCH QUESTION IS: HOW DOES EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND APPRECIATION INCREASE WORK PRODUCTIVITY?Reflect: Reflect on the elements of the CRAAP test and how each one indicates the credibility and reliability of a source.Consider how your evaluation of each of these elements affects your understanding of the strength of the source.Think about why it is important to evaluate any web page that you plan to rely on for information.Write:Apply the CRAAP test to your source.For each of the CRAAP criteria, start a new paragraph.In each paragraph, state which criterion you are addressing and evaluate the source based on that criterion.Provide specific examples to support your evaluation.Evaluate your source’s overall strength based on the elements of the CRAAP test. Is this source appropriate to use in answering to your research question, why or why not?Explain one thing you have learned from the process of doing this CRAAP test.Provide a properly formatted APA reference to the web page at the end of your initial post.Your initial post must be at least 350 words and address all of the prompt’s elements.You must cite and reference any sources that you use in your posts, including your textbook or any other sources of information that you use. Please refer to the Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.) and Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.) for help with citing and referencing your sources.

According to Brandeis, what is the proper place of profit-making within business?Group of answer choicesIt is a necessary condition for success, but does itself not connote successIt is selfish and should be avoidedIt is the main goal of businessIt is one of the three elements of successFlag this QuestionQuestion 21 ptsCamenisch considers the debate over whether “corporations should devote any of their profits to philanthropic, educational and other sorts of humanitarian undertakings.” What is his purpose in mentioning this idea?Group of answer choicesTo show that businesses do not have such dutiesTo show that these kinds of moral obligations get at the “central and essential activity of business”To show that businesses do, in fact, have such dutiesTo provide another illustration of a type of issue that fails to address ethical questions about the “central and essential activity of business”Flag this QuestionQuestion 31 ptsAccording to Camenisch, what sort of claim addresses ethical questions about the “central and essential activity of business”?Group of answer choices“Assessment of businesses as such and of specific business enterprises would begin with the question of whether the goods and services produced thereby serve to enhance or detract from the human condition, whether they contribute to or obstruct human flourishing.”“Corporations should devote any of their profits to philanthropic, educational and other sorts of humanitarian undertakings.”Businesses have duties of “neither creating nor aggravating social ills which might arise from business activity such as discriminatory employment, advancement and remuneration along racial, sexual, or other irrelevant lines, dangerous working conditions, and avoidable unemployment or worker dislocation”“Business persons and institutions, like all other citizens, are expected to refrain from murder, from fraud, from polluting the environment.”Flag this QuestionQuestion 41 ptsWhat is Camenisch’s purpose in using the example of the company whose products can only be used for human torture?Group of answer choicesTo show that questions about the morality of products and services are not adequately addressed by “many current discussions of business ethics.”To show that businesses should not engage in unethical behaviorTo show that the business described is a morally great one because of all the good it does—we shouldn’t let concerns about its product distract us from thisTo show that businesses should not make products that can damage their public personaFlag this QuestionQuestion 51 ptsAccording to Camenisch, what is the relevance of the "intention of making a profit" to the idea of the purpose of business?Group of answer choicesThis indicates what the central issue is for business ethics: making a profit while playing by the rules of the gameThis is the aspect of business that sets business off from other institutions that share its primary functionThis indicates what the sole moral obligation of corporate executives is: to maximize profits.This defines the primary function and original social purpose of businessFlag this QuestionQuestion 61 ptsWhat is Camenisch’s purpose in using the example of bank robbery?Group of answer choicesTo show that profit making is the main purpose of businessTo show that moral issues pertaining to how businesses make a profit is the fundamental issue in business ethicsTo show that businesses should not engage in unethical behavior like stealingTo show that Milton Friedman is wrong in thinking that business ethics should be concerned with mainly the profit element of businessFlag this QuestionQuestion 71 ptsCamenisch writes, “we have moved from a sacralized society dominated by religious concerns, through a secularized one in which various major sectors attained considerable autonomy in their own spheres, to a commercialized or an economized culture in which the common denominators which unify and dominate all areas of activity are business related or business grounded considerations such a dollar value, profitability, marketability, efficiency, contribution to gross national product”. What point is he attempting to support in making this claim?Group of answer choicesThat we must persist in our search for criteria by which to assess the primary function of businessThat we must abandon our search for criteria by which to assess the primary function of businessThat the provision of goods and services—and not profit-making—is the primary function of businessThat businesses cannot define their own purposeFlag this QuestionQuestion 81 ptsAccording to Waide, what negative effect does associative advertising have on its targets?Group of answer choicesIt desensitizes them to the well-being of others, including reduced compassion, concern, and sympathyBy making money a priority, one’s conception of the good life becomes distortedIt makes them feel like work is meaninglessIt leads them to neglect non-market means of satisfying non-market desires—which includes a range of virtues necessary for acquiring such goods.Flag this QuestionQuestion 91 ptsWhat is Sandel's view about a market society?Group of answer choicesHe thinks that all things should be able to be bought and sold.He is not concerned. This is just a tool for organizing our economyHe's not sure what to think.He is concerned because it subjects to market consideration certain goods that should not be. Doing so corrupts them in some way.Flag this QuestionQuestion 101 ptsWhat is an example of something that is evidence that there has been a cultural shift to a market society?Group of answer choicesLoaves of bread can be bought at stores.Everything is more expensive.The sheer number of types of cereal in the grocery store.For-profit hospitals, schools, and prisonsFlag this QuestionQuestion 111 ptsWhat is a best way to characterize the concept of stakeholder?Group of answer choicesGroups that have put something at economic riskGroups that have a morally *proper* interest in the corporationGroups that can be affected by the corporationGroups that can affect the corporationFlag this QuestionQuestion 121 ptsWhat is the strategic stakeholder synthesis?Group of answer choicesBasic consideration is given to the interests and desires of all stakeholder groupsViews all stakeholders apart from their instrumental, economic, or legal cloutAll stakeholders are treated as having equally important interestsAll other stakeholder groups (not including shareholders) are considered solely in terms of how they affect the shareholdersFlag this QuestionQuestion 131 ptsWhat is the shareholder primacy theory of corporate social responsibility?Group of answer choicesThe primary moral responsibility of the corporation is to maximizing shareholder value.Corporations have robust moral obligations to all stakeholder groups and the basis for these obligations is to be found in the obligations that shareholders themselves have to the other stakeholders. However, except for the obligation to shareholders, these are non-fiduciary obligations.Corporations should maximize profit regardless of how this affects everyone else.The corporation has fiduciary duties to all stakeholders, not just to shareholders.Flag this QuestionQuestion 141 ptsWhat is Goodpaster's objection to the shareholder primacy theory?Group of answer choicesThere is one and only one significant moral responsibility that business managers have: to maximize shareholder value.In those cases in which a corporation can treat stakeholders unethically without any danger of negative legal or economic impact on the corporation, shareholder primacy theory says that doing so is morally permissible.It's based on a false claim that shareholders are owners and that managers owe fiduciary duties to shareholders.It ignores the distinctive fiduciary relationship between management and shareholders by supposing that management bears a fiduciary duty to all stakeholdersFlag this QuestionQuestion 151 ptsWhat is the stakeholder theory of corporate social responsibility?Group of answer choicesCorporations have robust moral obligations to all stakeholder groups and the basis for these obligations is to be found in the obligations that shareholders themselves have to the other stakeholders. However, except for the obligation to shareholders, these are non-fiduciary obligations.The primary moral responsibility of the corporation is to maximizing shareholder value.The corporation has fiduciary duties to all stakeholders, not just to shareholders.Corporations should maximize profit regardless of how this affects everyone else.Flag this QuestionQuestion 161 ptsWhat is Goodpaster's objection to the stakeholder theory?Group of answer choicesIt ignores the distinctive fiduciary relationship between management and shareholders by supposing that management bears a fiduciary duty to all stakeholdersIt doesn't go far enough: corporations should be dismantled and seen for the corrupt institutions that they are.There is one and only one significant moral responsibility that business managers have: to maximize shareholder value.It illegitimately tries to incorporate ethics into business, which is a bad idea.Flag this QuestionQuestion 171 ptsWhat is Kenneth Goodpaster's view about corporate social responsibility?Group of answer choicesHe thinks that corporations should maximize profit regardless of how this affects everyone else.He thinks that corporations have robust moral obligations to all stakeholder groups and the basis for these obligations is to be found in the obligations that shareholders themselves have to the other stakeholdersHe thinks that the primary moral responsibility of the corporation is to maximizing shareholder value.He thinks that the corporation has fiduciary duties to all stakeholders, not just to shareholdersFlag this QuestionQuestion 181 ptsWhat point is Goodpaster trying to make in his use of the example involving the sale of violent video games to minors?Group of answer choicesThat business managers need to shift their focus from maximizing shareholder value to addressing the interests of all stakeholder groups.That the government needs to intervene in the market place and restrict the sale of violent video games to minors.That maximizing shareholder value should be the focus of business managersThat moving from focusing only on shareholder interest to considering all stakeholders does not provide a sufficiently broad ethical perspective. Businesses need to address the larger common good.Flag this QuestionQuestion 191 ptsWhat does Stout think of the idea of "maximizing shareholder value"?Group of answer choicesIt is an incoherent notion because shareholders are a disparate group and different shareholders value different things (long term vs. short term investing, etc)Corporations have a moral obligation to do it.She's not quite sure what to make of the idea.It is a perfectly coherent, sensible idea, but perhaps it gets too much attention.Flag this QuestionQuestion 201 ptsWhat does Lynn Stout think of the shareholder primacy theory of corporate responsibility?Group of answer choicesShe thinks that it's largely correct, though it needs to be modified somewhat.It's based on a false claim that shareholders are owners and that managers owe fiduciary duties to shareholders.She agrees with it.She rejects the capitalistic basis on which the shareholder theory is based.