apply the scientific method to scientific investigations, biology assignment help

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Outline Attached.

Final Applied Lab Project (1 credit Lab Component)

Addresses course outcomes 1-5:

  • apply the scientific method to scientific investigations
  • state a scientific hypothesis and design a basic experiment
  • conduct an experiment, make observations, and collect data
  • use knowledge of biological principles to correctly interpret qualitative and quantitative information
  • use critical analysis to draw conclusions

This is the culminating assessment in BIOL 102. It is designed to assess your ability to apply the principles of the scientific method. For this project, you will complete the activity below. Make sure to address all points (questions) associated with the activity.

The Effect of low pH on Enzyme Activity

Design an experiment in which you will test the effect of an acidic fluid on enzymatic activity. (Recall: enzymes are proteins.) To complete this project, it may be useful for you to review the Scientific Method Tutorial (found the Course Content section of the classroom under the Science Learning Center link) and the Scientific Method lab (Lab 1), so that you can better understand how to design an experiment. It may also be helpful for you to review your textbook and Lab 4 (Enzymes). As you review Lab 4, you will be reminded that there are several factors that impact enzymatic activity: pH, temperature, and amount of reagent. Feel free to refer to observations and information from Lab 4 as you complete the Final Applied Project (see the questions below). Or in other words, it is OK to use the same enzyme/subtrate/method as you did in lab 4 (but modify the treatment), or you can search on-line to find a different enzyme/subtrate/method for measuring enzyme activity.

As you design your experiment for this project, please remember that you are trying to examine how an acidic fluid will modify the outcome of an enzymatic reaction. To successfully complete this project, you will need to identify the question(s) being asked in your experiment and the hypothesis that you are testing. In your experimental design, you must clearly explain what you are doing. That means that you will need to identify the enzyme and the acid, as well as explain your experimental protocol (this information will help you to answer question 2). You must also thoroughly explain how the addition of the acidic fluid impacted the overall reaction process (this information will help you to answer question 4).

Hint: Keep in mind that the acid will change the environmental conditions of the experiment (for example, a low pH value could change the shape of the active site on the enzyme protein), without directly participating in the reaction.

Lab Materials

You may need all or some of the following, depending on your experimental design:

Materials from your lab kit:

  • pH paper
  • hydrogen peroxide solution (you can purchase this at a pharmacy if you have used up the bottle that came with the lab kit)
  • plastic beakers or cups
  • vinegar
  • yeast (can be purchased at grocery store if you need more)
  • balloons
  • plastic bottle
  • marker for labeling of beakers

You may choose to use additional materials (different acidic solutions and/or different organisms and/or differnet subtrate(s) if you chose to look at an enzyme other than catalase).

Outline submit in assignment folder in week 7.

I suggest you include the following in your outline:

  • Name of enzyme you will use, and source (organism)
  • The substrate
  • How you will measure enzyme activity (method)
  • What type of treatment you will you; type of solution(s), pH, length of exposure, how you will treat your samples
  • The control(s) in the experiment
  • Sample size
  • Maybe how you plan to present your data (table and/or type of graph)
  • Anything else you would like to get feedback on before you start your experiment.

Write a paper that includes the following:

1. Title page: title, your name, course name, semester

2. Introduction: introduce your project, include needed background information, the question(s) that you are asking and a clear hypothesis for your experiment.

3. Design an experiment. Provide a detailed account of the materials and methods used to conduct the experiment. Also include the methods for data collection and analysis.

4. Conduct the experiment and record your results. What did you observe? Present your data in table and/or graph . Remember to include the unit of measure.

5. Use your knowledge about enzymes and acids to interpret and discuss your results. It may be necessary for you to refer to your textbook and/or use other information resources. What effect does the acidic treatement have on the enzyme activity? Looking back, how could you have improved your experiment?

6. What is your conclusion? Was your hypothesis supported?

7. Cite all reference sources used (including text book) and provide a reference section with citations in APA format

Unformatted Attachment Preview

1 Practical Activity Outline: Predicting the Effect of pH on the Activity of Amylase PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE ACTIVITY OF AMYLASE 2 Enzyme to use: Amylase is the easiest enzyme to find, it is in your saliva! Source: Saliva Animal: Human being The substrate: Starch, because amylases action starch and starch is also very easy to find in carbohydrate foods. Method and type of treatment A. Position a drop of solutions of iodine in test tubes (each with one drop) and place them in a row, in a test-tube rack. B. Place labels on the test tubes that contain the pH to be used in the test. C. Fill a syringe with amylase and drop 2 cm3 of it (from the syringe) into the test tube. D. Take 1cm3 of a buffer solution (drop of a weak acid mixed with a portion of a strong acid) and insert it to the test tube using a different syringe. E. To the amylase and buffer solution, add 2cm3 of starch, and immediately start a stop watch which should calculate time to the end of the experimental step. Stir with a glass rod throughout. F. The moment 10 seconds elapses, draw one drop of the solution and using a dropper. Drop it into one of the iodine drops aligned in a row earlier (It should turn iodine blue-black, failure to which suggests an excessively fast reaction). G. Wait for 10 more seconds and fetch another drop with a clean dropper. Put it into another drop of iodine and observe colour changes. PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE ACTIVITY OF AMYLASE 3 H. Repeat the above step until fresh iodine remains reddish-brown on addition of the solution, with no colour change. I. Calculate the number of iodine drops used each one representing 10 seconds of reaction time. Sample Replication (size) J. Repeat the procedure with a different buffer (of a different pH). If another classmate is carrying the same experiment, pool (compile) their results and have results for several pH values of buffers (5 different pH buffers or more are recommended). Control Experiment K. Prepare a control, experiment with the above steps, avoiding the step of adding the buffer drop. Data presentation L. Plot a graph of time taken to break down starch against pH. A line graph is more recommended, and should output a result of the following nature: PREDICTING THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE ACTIVITY OF AMYLASE 4 References Rooney, L. W., & Pflugfelder, R. L. (1986). Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. Journal of Animal Science, 63(5), 1607-1623. Snow, P., & O'Dea, K. (1981). Factors affecting the rate of hydrolysis of starch in food. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 34(12), 2721-2727
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Hey friend, i have posted the answers, kindly confirm and contact me if you need any clarifications, thanks
Hey friend, i have posted the answers, kindly confirm and contact me if you need any clarifications, thanks

Running head: EFFECT OF LOW PH ON ENZYME

Effect of Low PH on Enzyme
Author
Institution
Course Name
Semester

1

EFFECT OF LOW PH ON ENZYME
2

Aim
The primary role of this project is to determine how the enzyme catalyst surrounding, affects it
function. It is an investigation on how PH affects the activity of enzyme catalase on the substrate.
Introduction
An Enzyme is a protein in nature in that all enzymes are proteins, but not all proteins are enzymes.
Their work is to speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy applied in the
reaction process. Enzymes are specific to the type of response that they catalyze meaning one
enzyme cannot catalyze two types of reactions (Gale.1942). They also have a particular shape
concerning substrate involved in the reaction process. Substrate and enzyme concentration affects
enzyme activity in that increase in enzyme concentration results in the increase in reaction rate.
And the same case applies when it comes to increasing in substrate concentration (Dhindsa, 1981).
Different environmental conditions determine the activity of the enzyme regarding the catalyzing
process and these include; soil concentration, temperature as well the level of PH. Tampering with
any of these conditions results in enzyme changing its shape, get denatured and finally becomes
deactivated catalyzing process stops. In this project, I will be answering the question how solution
level of PH affects Catalysis of an enzyme catalase found in oxygen dependent organism for
metabolism activity.
Hypothesis; the enzyme catalase will work well at a PH level 7 when placed in different PH level
solutions which are a neutral condition. Lowering of PH its function decreases reducing the rate
of reaction. The reason being enzyme is environmental level specific, and therefore a change in
PH denatures and deactivates the enzyme leading to low reaction rate.

EFFECT OF LOW PH ON ENZYME
3

Materials


Test tubes



Hydrochloric acid



Water



Potassium permanganate



Measuring cylinder



Buffer at PH of 7,5,4,2



Sulfuric acid



Potatoes extract (catalase)



1% hydrogen peroxide.

Method
1. Baseline determination ...


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Great study resource, helped me a lot.

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